ReviewMicrobial pathogenesis2020
The immunomodulatory effects of probiotics on respiratory viral infections: A hint for COVID-19 treatment?
Review in Microbial pathogenesis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotics improve symptoms of patients with COVID-19 through gut-lung axis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy of a Probiotic Consisting of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PDV 1705, Bifidobacterium bifidum PDV 0903, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis PDV 1911, and Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum PDV 2301 in the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: a Randomized Controlled Trial.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2023Trial
- Effects ofNutrients · 2022Trial
- The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Altered gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in community-acquired pneumonia: a metagenomic and metabolomic study.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Heat-killedFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Inflammatory Modulation Effects of Probiotics: A Safe and Promising Modulator for Cancer Prevention.Current microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Review
- Evaluation of Lactobacillus Coryniformis K8 Consumption by Health Care Workers Exposed to COVID-19 (LactoCor2 Project): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Effect of probiotics as an immune modulator for the management of COVID-19.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Can Probiotics, ParticularlyBiology · 2023Review
- Mapping the output of the global literature on the links between gut microbiota and COVID-19.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Article
- Review
- Gut microbiota composition is associated with disease severity and host immune responses in COVID-19.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Possible modulating functions of probioticFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Review
- The Efficacy of Probiotics as Antiviral Agents for the Treatment of Rotavirus Gastrointestinal Infections in Children: An Updated Overview of Literature.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Gut bacteria, bacteriophages, and probiotics: Tripartite mutualism to quench the SARS-CoV2 storm.Microbial pathogenesis · 2022Review
- Pharmacological Efficacy of Probiotics in Respiratory Viral Infections: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Evaluation of the effect ofFrontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Respiratory virus infections are among the most prevalent diseases in humans and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Moreover, since they can evolve fast and cross the species barrier, some of these viruses, such as influenza A and coronaviruses, have sometimes caused epidemics or pandemics and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. The recently identified Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a Public Health Emergency of International concern and has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia. To ensure protection against emerging respiratory tract infections, the development of new strategies based on modulating the immune responses is essential. The use of probiotic components has substantially increased due to their effects on immune responses, in particular on those that occur in the upper/lower respiratory tract. Superinduction of inflammatory reaction, known as a cytokine storm, has been correlated directly with viral pneumonia and serious complications of respiratory infections. In this review, probiotics, as potential immunomodulatory agents, have been proposed to improve the host's response to respiratory viral infections. In addition, the effects of probiotics on different aspects of immune responses and their antiviral properties in both pre-clinical and clinical contexts have been described in detail.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.