ArticlePloS one2020
The arch support insoles show benefits to people with flatfoot on stance time, cadence, plantar pressure and contact area.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Orthotic Interventions on Pain, Balance, and Plantar Pressure in Flexible Flatfoot: A Systematic Review.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of conservative interventions on plantar pressure in individuals with flat foot: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Pooled it
- The combined effect of short foot exercises and orthosis in symptomatic flexible flatfoot: a randomized controlled trial.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2023Trial
- The influence of myofascial release on pain and selected indicators of flat foot in adults: a controlled randomized trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Impact of Material Stiffness on Medial Arch Support and Stress Redistribution in 3D-Printed Insoles for Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gait study of surgical treatment and conservative treatment of acute ankle sprain: a single-center cohort study.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Article
- 3D-Printed Arch Supports Combined with Toe Spreaders Modulate Phase-Specific Ankle Alignment and Muscle Activity in Young Adults with Functional Flat Foot.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Arch support insoles reduce fatigue of the lower extremity muscles in people with flatfoot during a walking task.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Efficacy of 3D-Printed Insoles in Managing Common Foot Conditions: A Review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Review
- 3D-Printed Customized Arch-Support Insoles Improve Gait Mechanics and Ankle Alignment in Young Adults with Functional Flat Foot During Uphill Walking.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Effects of Customized Full-Contact Insoles Crafted with Polyester Fabric Sheets on Plantar Pressure and Gait in Hallux Valgus.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Influence of Prefabricated Foot Orthosis Use on the Modification of Foot Posture in Adults with Pronated Feet: A Randomised Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Utilization of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis of pes planus and pes cavus with a smartphone camera.World journal of orthopedics · 2024Article
- Effect of different inner pressures of air insoles and walking durations on plantar pressure time integral.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Flatfoot Deformity; Exercise to Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Review
- Comparative study of the effects of custom-made insole and ordinary insole in adults with flexible flatfoot on different slopes.Technology and health care : official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine · 2024Article
- Effect of orthopedic insoles on lower limb motion kinematics and kinetics in adults with flat foot: a systematic review.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Review
- White noise insole: an artificial evoked sensation device that can be expected to improve plantar sensation of diabetic foot.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The Soft Prefabricated Orthopedic Insole Decreases Plantar Pressure during Uphill Walking with Heavy Load Carriage.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effects of three-dimensional image based insole for healthy volunteers: a pilot clinical trial.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPes planus (flatfoot) is a common deformity characterized by the midfoot arch collapses during walking. As the midfoot is responsible for shock absorption, persons with flatfoot experience increased risk of injuries such as thumb valgus, tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, metatarsal pain, knee pain, lower-back pain with prolonged uphill, downhill, and level walking, depriving them of the physical and mental health benefits of walking as an exercise.
methodsFifteen female college students with flatfoot were recruited. A wireless plantar-pressure system was used to measure the stance time, cadence, plantar pressure, and contact area. Parameters were compared between wearing flat and arch-support insoles using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with on an incline, decline, and level surface, respectively. The significance level α was set to 0.05. The effect size (ES) was calculated as a measure of the practical relevance of the significance using Cohen's d.
resultsOn the level surface, the stance time in the arch-support insole was significantly shorter than in the flat insole (p<0.05; ES = 0.48). The peak pressure of the big toe in the arch-support insole was significantly greater than in the flat insole on the uphill (p<0.05; ES = 0.53) and level surfaces (p<0.05; ES = 0.71). The peak pressure of the metatarsals 2-4 and the contact area of the midfoot in the arch-support insole were significantly greater than in the flat insole on all surfaces (all p< 0.05).
conclusionsThese results imply that wearing an arch-support insole provides benefits in the shortened stance time and generation of propulsion force to the big toe while walking on uphill and level surfaces and to the metatarsals 2-4 while walking on the level surface. More evenly distributed contact areas across the midfoot may help absorb shock during uphill, downhill and level walking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.