ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2020
Sleepiness, sleep duration, and human social activity: An investigation into bidirectionality using longitudinal time-use data.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Individual Differences in Sleep Quality: Exploring the Impact of Temperament on Sleep Through Anxiety and Depression.Personality and mental health · 2026Article
- Socially motivated bedtime procrastination impairs sleep and wellbeing in residential college students.Sleep · 2026Article
- Peripheral Inflammation and Sleep Loss Induce Coordinated Motivational Changes: An Experimental Two-Hit Stress Model.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Time-of-day variation in motivation for everyday behaviors: A cluster-based approach to understanding individual differences.iScience · 2026Article
- Article
- The Impact of Abusive Supervision on Quiet Quitting: The Mediating Role of Sleep Deprivation and the Moderating Role of Proactive Personality.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sleep and Subjective Age: A Narrative Review of Epidemiological Evidence, Underlying Mechanisms, and Population Differences.Nature and science of sleep · 2026Review
- The relationship between transition shock and person-organization fit among newly graduated registered nurses in China: the mediating role of resilience.BMC nursing · 2025Article
- Association of excessive daytime sleepiness with anxiety, depressive symptoms, and quality of work life among maternal and child health nurses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypersomnolence in focus: a white paper of the 6th Think Tank World Sleep Forum.Sleep medicine · 2025Review
- The Association Between Mental Health Indices and the Chronotypes Measured by Single-Item Chronotyping in Young Adults.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Daily associations between sleep and alcohol use among veterans: Acute and cumulative effects.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal trajectories of disability index and associated factors in Chinese older adults.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2025Article
- Sleep Deprivation Selectively Impairs Interpersonal Trust in Different Social Scenarios: Evidence from the Social Mindfulness Paradigm.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- From sleeplessness to solitude: emotional repair as a buffer between insomnia and loneliness in university students.Frontiers in sleep · 2025Article
- Persisting Short or Long Sleep Duration Predicts Post-Stroke Depression One year After Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Examining bi-directional links between loneliness, social connectedness and sleep from a trait and state perspective.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The new science of sleep: From cells to large-scale societies.PLoS biology · 2024Article
- Sleep and subjective age: protect your sleep if you want to feel young.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Association between personality characteristics and sleep quality among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: evidence from China family panel studies.BMC public health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Daytime sleepiness impairs cognitive ability, but recent evidence suggests it is also an important driver of human motivation and behavior. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleepiness and a behavior strongly associated with better health: social activity. We additionally aimed to investigate whether a key driver of sleepiness, sleep duration, had a similar relationship with social activity. For these questions, we considered bidirectionality, time of day, and differences between workdays and days off. Over 3 wk, 641 working adults logged their behavior every 30 min, completed a sleepiness scale every 3 h, and filled a sleep diary every morning (rendering >292,000 activity and >70,000 sleepiness datapoints). Using generalized additive mixed-effect models, we analyzed potential nonlinear relationships between sleepiness/sleep duration and social activity. Greater sleepiness predicted a substantial decrease in the probability of social activity (odds ratio 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.35 for days off), as well as a decreased duration of such activity when it did occur. These associations appear especially robust on days off and in the evenings. Social duration moderated the typical time-of-day pattern of sleepiness, with, for example, extended evening socializing associated with lower sleepiness. Sleep duration did not robustly predict next-day social activity. However, extensive social activity (>5 h) predicted up to 30 min shorter subsequent sleep duration. These results indicate that sleepiness is a strong predictor of voluntary decreases in social contact. It is possible that bouts of sleepiness lead to social withdrawal and loneliness, both risk factors for mental and physical ill health.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.