ArticlePreventing chronic disease2020
Rural-Urban Disparities in Access to Medicaid-Contracted Pharmacies in Washington State, 2017.
Article in Preventing chronic disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Defining Veteran Rurality: An Analysis of the U.S. Veterans Health Administration Rural-Urban Taxonomy.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Medical Costs and Productivity Losses of Atrial Fibrillation Among US Privately Insured Employees.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Locations and characteristics of pharmacy deserts in the United States: a geospatial study.Health affairs scholar · 2024Article
- Diffusion and Disparities: Rural Uptake of Continuous Glucose Monitors.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Assessment of the Hearing Status of School-Age Children from Rural and Urban Areas of Mid-Eastern Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Pharmacy Contributions to Improved Population Health: Expanding the Public Health Roundtable.Preventing chronic disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionCommunity retail pharmacies offer multiple public health services to meet the health care needs of medically underserved rural communities. Many rural residents are enrolled in Medicaid insurance, and it is important that pharmacies contract with Medicaid to meet the health care needs of these people. The objective of this study was to evaluate disparities in access to Medicaid-contracted pharmacies across the rural-urban continuum in Washington State.
methodsWe linked data on licensed community retail pharmacies in Washington State in 2017 to lists of state Medicaid-contracted pharmacies. We classified pharmacies as being located in small rural, large rural, suburban, and urban areas by using rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes. We evaluated the likelihood of zip code-level access to at least 1 pharmacy that was contracted with a Medicaid insurance plan across the rural-urban continuum by using descriptive statistics and modified Poisson regression models, adjusted for zip code-level community characteristics.
resultsOf 1,145 pharmacies in our study sample, 8.4% (n = 96) were not contracted with a Medicaid plan. Compared with urban core zip codes, small rural zip codes (adjusted relative risk [ARR] = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.46-0.91) and large rural zip codes (ARR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.49-0.95) were significantly less likely to have access to a Medicaid-contracted pharmacy. Suburban zip codes did not differ significantly from urban core areas in their access to Medicaid-contracted pharmacies.
conclusionIn Washington State, the likelihood of access to a Medicaid-contracted pharmacy decreased significantly as rurality increased. Policy efforts should aim to improve access for Medicaid enrollees, especially those outside urban centers.
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