ArticleJournal of the American Geriatrics Society2020
Sex Differences in Cognitive Health Among Older Adults in India.
Article in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating cognitive impairment among a geriatric population in India using the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-multilingual dementia research and assessment (MUDRA) toolbox.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2025Article
- Does Schooling Improve Cognitive Abilities at Older Ages? Causal Evidence From Nonparametric Bounds.Demography · 2025Article
- Article
- Sex/gender differences in lifetime dementia risk among Asian American and White older adults.NPJ dementia · 2025Article
- Gender differences in the association between education and late-life cognitive function in the LifeAfter90 Study: A multiethnic cohort of the oldest-old.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Does education moderate gender disparities in later-life memory function? A cross-national comparison of harmonized cognitive assessment protocols in the United States and India.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2024Article
- Proteomic association with age-dependent sex differences in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test performance in healthy Thai subjects.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Association Between the Ratios of Selenium to Several Elements and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly.Biological trace element research · 2023Article
- Comprehensive measurement of the prevalence of dementia in low- and middle-income countries: STRiDE methodology and its application in Indonesia and South Africa.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Does tandem balance test predict cognitive impairment among older adults? Findings from Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, 2017-18.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Article
- Consideration of sex and gender in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders from a global perspective.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2022Article
- Article
- Carers' needs assessment for patients with dementia in Ghana.African journal of primary health care & family medicine · 2022Article
- How much of the female disadvantage in late-life cognition in India can be explained by education and gender inequality.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI): new data resources for addressing aging in India.Nature aging · 2021Article
- Changing demography and the challenge of dementia in India.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2021Review
- Reply to: Comment on: Sex Differences in Cognitive Health Among Older Adults in India.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2021Article
- New Insights and Knowledge on Cognition and Dementia from Population-Based Cohort of Older Adults in India.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2020Article
- Introduction to LASI-DAD: The Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo document sex differences in late-life cognitive function and identify their early-life determinants among older Indian adults.
designHarmonized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD).
settingIndividual cognitive testing in hospital or household setting across 14 states of India.
participantsIndividuals aged 60 years and older from LASI-DAD (2017-2019) (N = 2,704; 53.5% female). MEASUREMENTS: Given the low levels of literacy and numeracy among older Indian adults, we consider two composite cognitive scores as outcome variables. Score I is based on tests that do not require literacy or numeracy, whereas score II is based on tests that require such skills. Ordinary least squares is used to estimate models featuring a progressively increasing number of covariates. We add to the baseline specification, including a sex dummy, age, and state indicators, measures of early-life socioeconomic status (SES), early-life nutrition, as proxied by knee height, and education.
resultsAcross most cognitive domains, women perform significantly worse than for men: -0.4 standard deviations (SD) for score I and -0.8 SD for score II. Early-life SES, health, and education explain 90% of the gap for score I and 55% for score II. Results are similar across hospital-based and home testing.
conclusionIn India, lower levels of early-life human capital investments in nutrition and education among women compared with men are associated with a female disadvantage in late-life cognitive health. This has important implications for public health policy, aiming at reducing the risk of cognitive decline and dementia-a nascent concern in India. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:S20-S28, 2020.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.