ArticleDrug delivery and translational research2021
Novel rhein-phospholipid complex targeting skin diseases: development, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies.
Article in Drug delivery and translational research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- A dual edge-activation strategy for rhein bilosomes enhances intradermal delivery and anti-melanoma efficacy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Ethyl-Cellulose Nanosponges for Topical Delivery of Simvastatin with Preferential Skin Retention for Wound Healing in a Full-Thickness Wound Rat Model.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Intravenous Nanoemulsions Loaded with Phospholipid Complex of a Novel Pyrazoloquinolinone Ligand for Enhanced Brain Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Cabozantinib-phospholipid complex for enhanced solubility, bioavailability, and reduced toxicity in liver cancer.Therapeutic delivery · 2025Article
- The anticancer potential of tetrahydrocurcumin-phytosomes against oral carcinoma progression.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Reversing the Natural Drug Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria to Fusidic Acid via Forming Drug-Phospholipid Complex.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Novel PEGylated cholephytosomes for targeting fisetin to breast cancer: in vitro appraisal and in vivo antitumoral studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Rhein methotrexate-decorated solid lipid nanoparticles altering adjuvant arthritis progression through endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis.Inflammopharmacology · 2023Article
- New Insights in Topical Drug Delivery for Skin Disorders: From a Nanotechnological Perspective.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Assessment of formulation variables of poor water soluble diacerein for its improved loading and anti-inflammatory activity.Drug delivery and translational research · 2023Article
- Preparation of Bioactive De-Chlorophyll Rhein-RichAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Carvacrol-Loaded Phytosomes for Enhanced Wound Healing: Molecular Docking, Formulation, DoE-Aided Optimization, and in vitro/in vivo Evaluation.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Chondroitin sulfate-functionalized lipid nanoreservoirs: a novel cartilage-targeting approach for intra-articular delivery of cassic acid for osteoarthritis treatment.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Development and Evaluation of a Novel Diammonium Glycyrrhizinate Phytosome for Nasal Vaccination.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Exploring a Novel Fasudil-Phospholipid Complex Formulated as Liposomal Thermosensitive in situ Gel for Glaucoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Update on Pharmacological Activities, Security, and Pharmacokinetics of Rhein.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Review
- Protective Effect of Soy Lecithin Liposomes in Oxazolone-Induced Dermatitis in a Mouse Model: A Comparative Evaluation.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rhein (RH), an anthraquinone derivative, has proven to be a promising molecule for treating several skin disorders thanks to its pleiotropic pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anticancer. However, RH's low water and oil solubility and poor skin permeability halted its topical delivery. This is the first work to investigate the expediency of tailoring a rhein-phospholipid complex (RH-PLC) to improve RH challenging physicochemical and skin permeability properties. The phospholipid complex was prepared by employing different methods and different RH/PL molar ratios. RH-PLC was successfully developed at a stoichiometric ratio of 1:1 using a novel pH-dependent method where at a certain pH, it exhibits the highest complexation efficiency (95%). RH-PLC formation was confirmed using FTIR, DSC, and XRPD analysis. RH-PLC showed a significant increase in water and n-octanol solubility. RH-PLC was self-assembled upon dispersion into water forming nano-sized particles (196.6 ± 1.6 nm) with high negatively charged surface (- 29.7 ± 2.45 mV). RH-PLC exhibited a significant 3.3- and 2.46-fold increase in ex vivo and in vivo skin permeability when compared with RH suspension, respectively. Confocal microscopy study confirmed the ability of RH-PLC to penetrate deeply into rat skin. Besides, skin irritation test on healthy rats indicated compatibility and safety of RH-PLC. Conclusively, phospholipid complex might be a suitable approach to improve permeability of RH and other promising abandoned poor-permeable drugs. The proposed RH-PLC is expected to be a major progressive step toward the development of a topical RH formulation. Graphical abstract.
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