ArticleEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2021
The impact of maternal obesity and breast milk inflammation on developmental programming of infant growth.
Article in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Human Milk Bioactive Components and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 Years: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- The association between maternal factors and milk hormone concentrations: a systematic review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Review
- Metabolic health conditions in pregnancy, human milk hormone concentrations, and infant adiposity.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Effects of preterm birth and gestational diabetes on innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in human breast milk.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Adolescent mothers' body composition and metabolic hormones (adiponectin, ghrelin, and leptin) in blood and human milk: associations with infant body composition.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- Maternal obesity during lactation as a hypertensive cardiovascular risk factor in the offspring.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Breast milk cytokines and infant growth trajectories in a low-income community in Bangladesh.Pediatric research · 2026Article
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- Maternal Taishan Panshi San supplementation is associated with improved foal growth performance, accompanied by alterations in gut microbiota and metabolic profiles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Obesity in reproduction: Mechanisms from fertilization to post‑uterine development (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Resistin as Modulator of Functional Activity of Phagocytes in Colostrum and Blood of Overweight and Obese Mothers.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Impact of Maternal Overweight and Obesity on Adipokines During Pregnancy and Lactation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Adipocytokine profiles in maternal obesity: The impact of lipoinflammation on serum, breastmilk, and infant metabolic development.Clinical pediatric endocrinology : case reports and clinical investigations : official journal of the Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology · 2025Review
- The Home as a Modulator of Milk Immunity: Association Between Domestic Factors and Immune Cell Populations in Human Breast Milk.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Mediterranean Diet Outcomes Across the Mother-Milk-Infant Triad: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Maternal adiposity moderates associations between dietary, serum, and human milk n-3 and n-6 PUFA.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effects of Maternal Pre-Pregnancy BMI on Preterm Infant Microbiome and Fecal Fermentation Profile-A Preliminary Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about how maternal obesity impacts breast milk (BM) composition and how BM composition may impact growth. We sought to determine the role of maternal body mass index (BMI) on BM inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and to delineate the role of these BM markers on infant growth.
methodsThis was a secondary analysis of 40 mother-infant dyads. We first assessed the association between maternal BMI and BM marker (omega-6:omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio (n-6:n-3 PUFA), leptin, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-6, IL-1β and malondialdehyde (MDA)) concentration at one (V1) and four (V4) months postpartum. We then examined the association between BM markers on infant growth trajectory from birth to seven months.
resultsHigher maternal BMI was associated with higher BM n-6:n-3 PUFA (V1 β = 0.12, 95% CI 0.01, 0.2; V4 β = 0.13, 95% CI 0.01, 0.3) and leptin (V1 β = 107, 95% CI 29, 184; V4 β = 254, 95% CI 105, 403) concentrations. Infants exposed to high BM n-6:n-3 PUFA had higher BMI z-scores over time (p = 0.01). Higher BM leptin was associated with lower infant percent fat mass at V4 (β = -9, 95% CI -17, -0.6). Infants exposed to high BM IL-8, IL-6, or IL-1β had higher weight z-scores over time (IL-8 p < 0.001; IL-6 p < 0.001; IL-1β p = 0.02). There was no association between BM MDA and maternal BMI or infant growth.
conclusionsHigher maternal BMI is associated with higher BM n-6:n-3 PUFA and leptin concentrations. In addition, higher BM n-6:n-3 PUFA and inflammatory cytokines were associated with accelerated weight gain in infancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.