SynthesisArchives of endocrinology and metabolism2020
Type B insulin resistance syndrome: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Archives of endocrinology and metabolism, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rheumatologic Manifestations of Patients With Type B Insulin Resistance.Arthritis care & research · 2026Article
- Management of a patient with severe insulin resistance.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Non-specific cutaneous lupus erythematosus and clinical significance: a literature review.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Review
- Refractory severe type B insulin resistance treated with daratumumab.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Insulin Receptor Family Autoantibodies in Patients with Type B Insulin Resistance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Hypoglycemia secondary to type B insulin resistance syndrome.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Long-term remission of type B insulin resistance syndrome with immunotherapy: A case report.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- A pitfall in diagnosing type B insulin resistance syndrome: Suspected antibody interference in a patient with insulin allergy.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2026Article
- Type B Insulin Resistance: A Case Report of a Rare Complication of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.The Journal of rheumatology · 2026Article
- Type B insulin resistance with glycemic extremes: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Severe Insulin Resistance: Diagnosis and Management.Current diabetes reviews · 2026Review
- Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to pathogenic INSR variants: metabolic signature, phenotypic overlap, and semidominant inheritance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Early-onset colorectal cancer as an emerging disease of metabolic dysregulation.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Successful treatment with rituximab of a type 2 diabetes patient with antibody-mediated insulin resistance syndrome: A case report.Medicine · 2025Article
- Severe Insulin Resistance Syndromes: Clinical Spectrum and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Insulin autoimmune syndrome in a patient with vitiligo: a case report and review of literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Review
- Case Report: Remission of a patient with complex combination of autoimmune diseases by anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Newly emerging type B insulin resistance (TBIR) during treatment with eculizumab for AQP4-IgG-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): fatal outcome.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Severe insulin resistance in a patient with diabetes after treatment with brentuximab vedotin.BMJ case reports · 2024Article
- Changes in Cells Associated with Insulin Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A literature review on the clinical, laboratory, and treatment features of type B insulin resistance syndrome (TBIRS). Data from PubMed, the Virtual Health Library and Cochrane database were selected and analyzed using the REDCap application and R statistical program. From 182 papers, 65 were selected, which assessed 119 clinical cases, 76.5% in females and 42.9% in African-Americans, with an average age of 44 years. A common feature of TBIRS is co-occurrence of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (most frequently reported). Hyperglycemia of difficult control was the mostly reported condition. Tests for anti-insulin receptor antibodies were positive in 44.2% of the cases. Disease management comprised fractional diet, insulin therapy (maximum dose given was 57 600 IU/day), plasmapheresis and immunosuppression with several classes of drugs, mainly glucocorticoids. Remission occurred in 69.7% of cases, in 30.3% of these spontaneously. The mortality rate was 15.38%. There was an inverse relationship between anti-insulin antibodies and remission (p = 0.033); and a positive correlation between combined immunosuppressive therapy and remission (p = 0.002). Relapse occurred in 7.6% of the cases. This rare syndrome has difficult-to-control diabetes, even with high doses of insulin, and it is usually associated with autoimmune diseases. Therapeutic advances using immunomodulatory therapy have led to significant improvements in the rate of remission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.