SynthesisSports health
Effects of Foot Strike Techniques on Running Biomechanics: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Sports health. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gait Retraining for Patellofemoral Pain in Runners: An Umbrella Review of Clinical and Biomechanical Evidence.Sports medicine - open · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Running-Related Musculoskeletal Injuries in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology, Biomechanical Determinants, and Global Comparative Insights.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Classifying Endurance Runners by Kinematics Strengthens Relationships of Muscle-Tendon Unit Function with Running Economy and Performance.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Subclinical Achilles tendon structural and pathology changes in asymptomatic amateur marathon runners: a correlational and multivariate MRI study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Age-Related Differences in Joint Kinematics and Spatiotemporal Parameters During Ramp Walking and Level Walking: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Effects of Foot-Strike Patterns During Running on Cumulative Load of Achilles Tendon Force, Plantar Fascia Force, and Patellofemoral Joint Stress.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Time-Frequency Characteristics of Lower Limb EMG Signals Among Different Foot Strike Patterns During Running Using the EEMD Algorithm.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Segmental External Load in Linear Running in Elite Futsal Players: A Multifactorial and Individual Variability Analysis Using Linear Mixed Models.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Forefoot Centre of Pressure Patterns in Black Male African Recreational Runners with Pes Planus.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2025Article
- Joint contact forces during barefoot, minimal and conventional shod running are highly individual.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Predicting Running Vertical Ground Reaction Forces Using Neural Network Models Based on an IMU Sensor.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Using Wearable Sensor Technology to Analyze Running Technique and Prospective Running-Related Injuries During United States Military Cadet Basic Training.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of footwear and foot strike patterns on patellofemoral joint and Achilles tendon loading in novice runners and experienced runners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Biomechanical tradeoffs in stroller running: Reduced vertical impact loading and increased torsional injury risk.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Trail Runners' Tendon-How Do Weekly Mileage and Elevation Gain Affect Achilles and Patellar Tendon Morphology?Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2024Article
- Influence of Sudden Changes in Foot Strikes on Loading Rate Variability in Runners.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Normative Running Kinematics in Healthy Adolescent Runners: A 2-Dimensional Video Analysis.HSS journal : the musculoskeletal journal of Hospital for Special Surgery · 2024Article
- Acute effects of negative heel shoes on perceived pain and knee biomechanical characteristics of runners with patellofemoral pain.Journal of foot and ankle research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contentDistance running is one of the most popular physical activities, and running-related injuries (RRIs) are also common. Foot strike patterns have been suggested to affect biomechanical variables related to RRI risks.
objectiveTo determine the effects of foot strike techniques on running biomechanics. DATA SOURCES: The databases of Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and EBSCO were searched from database inception through November 2018. STUDY SELECTION: The initial electronic search found 723 studies. Of these, 26 studies with a total of 472 participants were eligible for inclusion in this meta-analysis. STUDY
designSystematic review and meta-analysis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION: Means, standard deviations, and sample sizes were extracted from the eligible studies, and the standard mean differences (SMDs) were obtained for biomechanical variables between forefoot strike (FFS) and rearfoot strike (RFS) groups using a random-effects model.
resultsFFS showed significantly smaller magnitude (SMD, -1.84; 95% CI, -2.29 to -1.38;
conclusionRunning with RFS imposed higher biomechanical loads on overall ground impact and knee and patellofemoral joints, whereas FFS imposed higher biomechanical loads on the ankle joint and Achilles tendon. The modification of strike techniques may affect the specific biomechanical loads experienced on relevant structures or tissues during running.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.