ArticleArthritis care & research2021
Cancer Risk in a Large Inception Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Cohort: Effects of Demographic Characteristics, Smoking, and Medications.
Article in Arthritis care & research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimalarials may reduce cancer risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies.Annals of medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- Sarcoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. A systematic review.Reumatologia · 2026Review
- Discovery of Blood-Based Proteins That Mark Benzo[a]pyrene Modulation of Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Study on the Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA in Breast Cancer.Genes · 2025Article
- Sex- and gender-related differences in systemic lupus erythematosus: a scoping review.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Systemic glucocorticoids and the risk of breast cancer in a large nationwide case-control study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Cancer in connective tissue disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Malignancy in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease characteristics in 92 patients - a single center retrospective study.Rheumatology international · 2024Article
- Concomitant manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus flare-up and nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma in a 41-year-old male patient: A challenging case report.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Higher mortality risk from gynaecological neoplasms and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: an observational study from the Spanish National Registry.Lupus science & medicine · 2024Observational
- Evaluating the safety profile of calcineurin inhibitors: cancer risk in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus from the LUNA registry-a historical cohort study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2024Article
- Researchers in rheumatology should avoid categorization of continuous predictor variables.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Benzo[a]pyrene Exposure Reduces Cell-Type Diversity and Stimulates Sex-Biased Damage Pathways in End Organs of Lupus-Prone Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Malignancies in systemic rheumatic diseases: A mini review.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Malignancies among newly diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus patients and their survival.Lupus · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
36 authors at 20 institutions in 11 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess cancer risk factors in incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
methodsClinical variables and cancer outcomes were assessed annually among incident SLE patients. Multivariate hazard regression models (overall risk and most common cancers) included demographic characteristics and time-dependent medications (corticosteroids, antimalarial drugs, immunosuppressants), smoking, and the adjusted mean Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 score.
resultsAmong 1,668 patients (average 9 years follow-up), 65 cancers occurred: 15 breast, 10 nonmelanoma skin, 7 lung, 6 hematologic, 6 prostate, 5 melanoma, 3 cervical, 3 renal, 2 each gastric, head and neck, and thyroid, and 1 each rectal, sarcoma, thymoma, and uterine cancers. Half of the cancers (including all lung cancers) occurred in past/current smokers, versus one-third of patients without cancer. Multivariate analyses indicated that overall cancer risk was related primarily to male sex and older age at SLE diagnosis. In addition, smoking was associated with lung cancer. For breast cancer risk, age was positively associated and antimalarial drugs were negatively associated. Antimalarial drugs and higher disease activity were also negatively associated with nonmelanoma skin cancer risk, whereas age and cyclophosphamide were positively associated. Disease activity was associated positively with hematologic and negatively with nonmelanoma skin cancer risk.
conclusionSmoking is a key modifiable risk factor, especially for lung cancer, in SLE. Immunosuppressive medications were not clearly associated with higher risk except for cyclophosphamide and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Antimalarials were negatively associated with breast cancer and nonmelanoma skin cancer risk. SLE activity was associated positively with hematologic cancer and negatively with nonmelanoma skin cancer. Since the absolute number of cancers was small, additional follow-up will help consolidate these findings.
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