ArticleEndocrine pathology2020
Clinical Routine Application of the Second-generation Neuroendocrine Markers ISL1, INSM1, and Secretagogin in Neuroendocrine Neoplasia: Staining Outcomes and Potential Clues for Determining Tumor Origin.
Article in Endocrine pathology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinicopathological and molecular determinants of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: toward precision risk stratification.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Machine Learning-Based Identification of Candidate Serum miRNA Features for Pan-Cancer and Cancer Type Classification.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of gastric carcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics reveal that the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis drives the immune-desert phenotype in small cell lung cancer by recruiting immunosuppressive CXCR4Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- The evolving roles of pathologists in paragangliomas and pheochromocytomas.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2026Review
- The Utility of Cabozantinib in the Therapy of Endocrine Tumours.Endocrine pathology · 2025Review
- Article
- Insulinoma-associated protein-1 (INSM-1) is a useful diagnostic marker for the evaluation of primary thymic neuroendocrine neoplasms: an immunohistochemical study of 27 cases.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Primary neuroendocrine tumor of the breast: A case report.Oncology letters · 2025Article
- Diagnostic and prognostic utility of insulinoma-associated protein 1, insulin gene enhancer protein 1, and secretagogin in pheochromocytoma.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2025Article
- The road ahead: a brief guide to navigating the 2022 WHO classification of endocrine and neuroendocrine tumours.Journal of clinical pathology · 2024Review
- Practical hints for the diagnosis of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms of the digestive system.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2024Article
- Poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma originating in the subglottic larynx: A case report with imm unohistochemical study.Clinical case reports · 2024Article
- Advances in genetic profile and therapeutic strategy of pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Review
- Article
- Top 10 Histological Mimics of Neuroendocrine Carcinoma You Should Not Miss in the Head and Neck.Head and neck pathology · 2023Review
- The Complex Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Tumors-An Overview of the Latest Classifications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Advances in Research, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Neuroendocrine Cervical Carcinoma: A Review.Oncology reviews · 2023Review
- Expression of novel neuroendocrine markers in breast carcinomas: a study of INSM1, ASCL1, and POU2F3.Human pathology · 2022Article
- Utility of secretagogin as a marker for the diagnosis of lung neuroendocrine carcinoma.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2022Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) have traditionally been identified via expression of proteins associated to the regulation of secretory vesicles and granules. We report the clinical usage of the "second-generation" proteins ISL LIM homeobox 1 (ISL1), INSM transcriptional repressor 1 (INSM1), and secretagogin (SECG) as immunohistochemical markers of neuroendocrine differentiation since their introduction in clinical routine and compare the results with the established proteins chromogranin A (CGA) and synaptophysin (SYP). In total, 161 tumors, including 139 NENs and 22 "non-NENs" (unrelated tumors with an initial suspicion of NEN), were informatively stained for ISL1, and subsets were also interrogated for INSM1 and/or SECG. Diffuse or focal positive immunoreactivity was noted for ISL1 in 91/139 NENs (65%) and in 6/22 (27%) non-NENs, for INSM1 in 76/85 NENs (89%) and in 2/5 (40%) non-NENs, and for SECG in 49 out of 64 NENs (77%) and in 0/5 non-NENs (0%). Generally, ISL1, INSM1, and SECG exhibited sensitivities in line with or slightly below that of CGA and SYP-largely attributable to tissue-specific patterns regarding tumoral origin. Moreover, for pancreatic and small intestinal NENs, the two largest subgroups, ISL1 staining results were consistent irrespectively of tumor source and WHO grade. We verify previously suggested immunohistochemical schemes of neuroendocrine markers of first- and second-generations to facilitate the diagnostic process for NENs and confirm that the second-generation neuroendocrine markers display tissue-specific patterns. We therefore recommend their implementation in tertiary endocrine pathology centers, not least to aid in the identification of primary tumors when analyzing metastases.
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