ReviewJournal of neuro-oncology2021
Temozolomide treatment outcomes and immunotherapy efficacy in brain tumor.
Review in Journal of neuro-oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and Safety of EGF/EGFR Vaccines in EGFR-Driven Solid Tumors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled and Single-Arm Studies.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Are EGFR monoclonal antibodies associated with clinical benefits in patients with glioma: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and specific analysis on glioblastoma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Saudi Patient-Derived Brain and Intracranial Explanted Tumor Cells: Isolation, Growth, and Anticancer Drug Screening.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Diphenyl Diselenide and Temozolomide: Downregulation of Inflammatory, Redox, and Tumor-Associated Pathways in Glioblastoma.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Non-lytic viral immunotherapy induces long-term glioblastoma survival and tumor-specific immunity without eliciting an antiviral response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Breaking the Barrier of Brain Disease Therapeutics: Advocating Targeted Drug Delivery for Improved Neuro-Resident Interventions.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Loss of CD99L2 Contributed to Temozolomide Resistance and Glioblastoma Tumorigenesis Based on Genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 Screening.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Article
- Ethnic Disparities in Glioblastoma Markers: Impact of Chromosome 7 Gain and 10 Loss Alterations on Clinical Survival Outcomes.Oncology research · 2026Article
- Chlorpromazine activates cGAS-STING signaling and reprograms the immune response in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The evolution of chemotherapy in brain tumors: from historical milestones to precision medicine in glioblastoma.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
- Virtual Clinical Trial Reveals Significant Clinical Potential of Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages and Microglia to Treat Glioblastoma.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2025Article
- Toward the Treatment of Glioblastoma Tumors Using Photoactivated Chemotherapy: In Vitro Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2025Article
- Inhibition of CHI3L1 decreases N-cadherin and VCAM-1 levels in glioblastoma.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2025Article
- Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide.Beilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Antitumor Effect of Butia odorata Hydroalcoholic Extract on C6 and U87MG Glioma Cell Lines: Impact on Redox Status and Inflammation Signaling.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Advancements in Molecular Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapeutic Strategies for Invasive Pituitary Adenomas.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Review
- 4,5-Dimethoxycanthin-6-one Inhibits Glioblastoma Stem Cell and Tumor Growth by Inhibiting TSPAN1 Interaction with TM4SF1.Neurochemical research · 2024Article
- Inhibition of CHI3L1 decreases N-cadherin and VCAM-1 levels in glioblastoma.Research square · 2024Article
- Spatial computational modelling illuminates the role of the tumour microenvironment for treating glioblastoma with immunotherapies.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionGlioblastoma (GBM) has a survival rate of around 2 years with aggressive current standard of care. While other tumors have responded favorably to trials combining immunotherapy and chemotherapy, GBM remains uniformly deadly with minimal increases in overall survival. GBM differ from others due to being isolated behind the blood brain barrier, increased heterogeneity and mutational burden, and immunosuppression from the brain environment and tumor itself.
methodsWe have reviewed clinical and preclinical studies investigating how different doses (dose intense (DI) and metronomic) and timing of immunotherapy following TMZ treatment can eradicate tumor cells, alter tumor mutational burden, and change immune cells.
resultsRecent clinical trials with standard of care (SoC), DI and metronomic TMZ regimes are no able to completely eradicate GBM. Elevated TMZ levels in DI treatment can overcome MGMT resistance but may result in hypermutation of surviving tumor cells. Higher levels of TMZ will also generate a higher degree of lymphopenia compared to SoC and metronomic regimes in preclinical studies.
conclusionThe different levels of lymphopenia and tumor eradication discussed in this review suggest possible beneficial pairings between immunotherapy and TMZ treatment. Treatments resulting in profound lymphopenia will allow for expansion of vaccine specific T cells or of CAT T cells. Clinical and preclinical studies are currently comparing different combinations of TMZ and immunotherapy timing to treat GBM through a balance between tumor killing and immune cell expansion. More frequent immune monitoring time points in ongoing clinical trials are crucial for further development of these combinations.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.