ArticleThe Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association2020
Pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt: a case-control study.
Article in The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors and Predictors of Pneumonia Among Under-Five Children in Sana'a City, Yemen: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.Pediatric health, medicine and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Data-driven machine learning algorithm model for pneumonia prediction and determinant factor stratification among children aged 6-23 months in Ethiopia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
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- Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on outcomes and mortality of under-five years children with pneumonia: a study from Upper Egypt.European journal of pediatrics · 2023Article
- The severity of pneumonia and its association with socio-demographic factors among children under five years old in Wasit governorate hospitals, Iraq.Journal of public health in Africa · 2023Article
- Determinants of pneumonia among under-five children in Oromia region, Ethiopia: unmatched case-control study.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2023Article
- Factors associated with childhood pneumonia and care seeking practices in Nepal: further analysis of 2019 Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Associated Risk Factors of Streptococcus Pneumoniae Bacteria Infection Among Under-Five Children With Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Attending Sheik Hassan Yebere Referral Hospital, Jig-Jiga, Ethiopia.Infection and drug resistance · 2023Article
- Machine learning predictive modelling for identification of predictors of acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea in Uganda's rural and urban settings.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Prevalence of viral pathogens in a sample of hospitalized Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory tract infections: a two-year prospective study.Bulletin of the National Research Centre · 2022Article
- The Effect of Depression on Treatment Adherence Among a Sample of Saudi Patients Diagnosed with Acne Vulgaris.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPneumonia among under-five children constitutes a major public health concern. Studies examining risk factors for pneumonia in Egypt are limited.
aimTo identify risk factors of pneumonia among under-five children in Alexandria, Egypt.
methodsAn observational case-control study was conducted over a 5-month period (September 2017-January 2018) in three main pediatric hospitals in Alexandria. A predesigned questionnaire was used to interview 660 mothers of under-five children (330 pneumonia cases and 330 control). The questionnaire included potential risk factors for pneumonia which were categorized into child-related factors, socio-demographic factors, and environmental factors.
resultsThe mean age of the children was 23.14 ± 18.61 months with a range of 1-59 months. Nearly two-thirds (58.5%) were boys. Nine factors were found to be independently associated with pneumonia: age ≤ 12 months (OR = 1.925; 95% CI, 1.356-2.733; P < 0.001), male gender (OR = 1.646; 95% CI, 1.162-2.332; P = 0.005), birth order ≥ 4 (OR = 2.154; 95% CI, 1.282-3.617; P = 0.004), low birth weight (OR = 2.562; 95% CI, 1.718-3.821; P < 0.001), prematurity (OR = 2.019; 95% CI, 1.154-3.531; P = 0.014), place of delivery either at home (OR = 5.669; 95% CI, 1.063-30.237; P = 0.042) or at a public hospital (OR = 1.616; 95% CI, 1.131-2.310; P = 0.008), presence of concomitant illness (OR = 1.902; 95% CI, 1.043-3.469; P = 0.036), poor home aeration (OR = 3.586; 95% CI, 1.971-6.522; P < 0.001), and exposure to outdoor air pollution (OR = 2.403; 95% CI, 1.417-4.076; P = 0.001).
conclusionSeveral risk factors were significantly related to pneumonia among under-five children. Identifying such factors is important for developing interventions to reduce pneumonia burden among under-five in Egypt.
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