ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Neuronal regulation of immunity: why, how and where?
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 241 citations in OpenAlex.
- Carbohydrates Metabolic Signatures in Immune Cells: Response to Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Upregulation of reward mesolimbic activity and immune response to vaccination: a randomized controlled trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Neuro-immune interactions in tumors, immune-related disorders, and infections.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Pro-inflammatory markers interact with spontaneous theta oscillations to predict depression among adolescents.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Digital neuroplasticity modulation of the brain-immune axis: Translational strategies for neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and aging-related conditions.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Brain network alterations in autoimmune diseases: Current status and future prospects.iScience · 2026Review
- Neural regulation of cancer: from microenvironmental hijacking to systemic circuit co-option.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Genome-wide pleiotropic analysis identifies shared genetic architecture within the cognition-immune nexus.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune crosstalk in the tumor microenvironment: mechanisms and therapeutic implications for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Disruption of the brain-spleen axis impairs monocyte-microglia communication and accelerates disease progression in a mouse model of amyloidosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- β-Adrenergic receptors as immunomodulators in T cells: mechanisms of neuroimmune crosstalk and pathophysiological implications.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Review
- Sympathetic signaling activation alleviated acute respiratory distress syndrome via the HDC/SLC7A11 axis in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophages.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Social status impacts T-cell responses through synapse strength in the prefrontal cortex.Cell research · 2026Article
- Hcn1-dependent engram neurons in the PVN encode gastric inflammatory sensitization.Science advances · 2026Article
- The autonomic nervous system in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2026Review
- Exercise Reverses Mental Stress-Induced Vascular Inflammation and Builds Stress Resilience.JACC. Basic to translational science · 2026Article
- The Neuroimmune Connectome: Understanding how the Peripheral Nervous System shapes Immunity.ImmunoHorizons · 2026Review
- Neuroimmune programming of childhood trauma: comorbid mechanisms and developmental origins of depression and autoimmune diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- NR4A2 induces perineural invasion in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via CXCL5/CXCR2 signaling axis.Cancer letters · 2026Article
- Aging disrupts sympathetic innervation of the thymus.Cell reports · 2026Article
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neuroimmunology is one of the fastest-growing fields in the life sciences, and for good reason; it fills the gap between two principal systems of the organism, the nervous system and the immune system. Although both systems affect each other through bidirectional interactions, we focus here on one direction - the effects of the nervous system on immunity. First, we ask why is it beneficial to allow the nervous system any control over immunity? We evaluate the potential benefits to the immune system that arise by taking advantage of some of the brain's unique features, such as its capacity to integrate and synchronize physiological functions, its predictive capacity and its speed of response. Second, we explore how the brain communicates with the peripheral immune system, with a focus on the endocrine, sympathetic, parasympathetic, sensory and meningeal lymphatic systems. Finally, we examine where in the brain this immune information is processed and regulated. We chart a partial map of brain regions that may be relevant for brain-immune system communication, our goal being to introduce a conceptual framework for formulating new hypotheses to study these interactions.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.