Trial reportJournal of substance abuse treatment2020
Factors associated with withdrawal symptoms and anger among people resuscitated from an opioid overdose by take-home naloxone: Exploratory mixed methods analysis.
Trial report in Journal of substance abuse treatment, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anger and substance abuse: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999)Pooled it
- Emotional reactions of trained overdose responders who use opioids following intervention in an overdose event.Substance abuse · 2022Trial
- Perceptions surrounding intranasal naloxone use and access among a population experiencing homelessness.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2026Article
- The effects of vaped cannabis on the severity of naloxone-precipitated opioid withdrawal.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Naloxone dosing in the era of synthetic opioids: Applying the Goldilocks principle.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Review
- Building connection: overdose survivors' and professional service providers' perspectives on immediate post-overdose care.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- A chain of survival for drug overdose.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Naloxone dosing by non-medical first-responders at opioid overdoses: findings from a qualitative interview study.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Adverse Effects After Prehospital Administration of Naloxone by Bystanders: A Preliminary Study.Prehospital and disaster medicine · 2024Article
- UNDERSTANDING PREFERENCES FOR TYPE OF TAKE-HOME NALOXONE DEVICE: INTERNATIONAL QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE VIEWS OF PEOPLE WHO USE OPIOIDS.Drugs (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionTake-home naloxone (THN) is a clinically effective and cost-effective means of reducing opioid overdose fatality. Nonetheless, naloxone administration that successfully saves a person's life can still produce undesirable and harmful effects.
aimTo better understand factors associated with two widely reported adverse outcomes following naloxone administration; namely the person resuscitated displays: i. withdrawal symptoms and ii. anger.
methodsA mixed methods study combining a randomized controlled trial of overdose education and naloxone prescribing to people with opioid use disorder and semi-structured qualitative interviews with trial participants who had responded to an overdose whilst in the trial. All data were collected in New York City (2014-2019). A dataset (comprising demographic, pharmacological, situational, interpersonal, and overdose training related variables) was generated by transforming qualitative interview data from 47 overdose events into dichotomous variables and then combining these with quantitative demographic and overdose training related data from the main trial. Associations between variables within the dataset and reports of: i. withdrawal symptoms and ii. anger were explored using chi-squared tests, t-tests, and logistic regressions.
resultsA multivariate logistic regression found that people who had overdosed were significantly more likely to display anger if the person resuscitating them criticized, berated or chastised them during resuscitation (adjusted OR = 27 [95% CI = 4.0-295]). In contrast, they were significantly less likely to display anger if the person resuscitating them communicated positively with them (OR = 0.10 [95% CI = 0.01-0.78]). Both positive and negative communication styles were independently associated with anger, and communication was associated with 59% of the variance in anger. There was no evidence that people who displayed withdrawal symptoms were more likely to display anger than those not displaying withdrawal symptoms, and neither displaying withdrawal symptoms nor displaying anger were associated with using more drugs after resuscitation.
conclusionsContrary to common assumptions, withdrawal symptoms and anger following naloxone administration may be unrelated phenomena. Findings are consistent with previous research that has suggested that a lay responder's positive or reassuring communication style may lessen anger post overdose. Implications for improving THN programmes and naloxone administration are discussed.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.