Trial reportBMC ophthalmology2020
Substance P induces sympathetic immune response in the contralateral eye after the first eye cataract surgery in type 2 diabetic patients.
Trial report in BMC ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular immune homeostasis-mechanisms of precise regulation through coordination of the eye, visual system and beyond: a narrative review.Annals of eye science · 2026Article
- Visual Outcomes and Complication Profiles of Phacoemulsification in Diabetic Versus Non-diabetic Patients.Cureus · 2026Review
- Changes in aqueous humor cytokines and metabolomics in contralateral eye after unilateral cataract surgery.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with congenital cataract during delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery.BMC ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Distribution and synaptic organization of substance P-like immunoreactive neurons in the mouse retina.Brain structure & function · 2023Article
- Comparison of Pain between First and Second Operated Eyelids after Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty.Korean journal of ophthalmology : KJO · 2023Observational
- Activation of Conjunctiva-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Patients With Infectious Keratitis Using In Vivo Confocal Microscopy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2021Article
- Unilateral Corneal Insult Also Alters Sensory Nerve Activity in the Contralateral Eye.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Morphological and Functional Changes of Corneal Nerves and Their Contribution to Peripheral and Central Sensory Abnormalities.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSubstance P (SP) is a nociceptive tachykinin which regulates the immune inflammatory reactions including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production. Sequential second-eye cataract surgery patients often suffer more pain than the first one partly because of the MCP-1 increase in aqueous humor (AH). This study aims to illustrate whether SP is involved in sympathetic inflammatory responses in the contralateral eye in patients with or without type 2 diabetes.
methodsThis prospective randomized clinical study included 51 cataract patients (22 with diabetes and 29 without). Bilateral sequential cataract surgeries were conducted with 1-day or 1-week interval randomly. More than 100 μl of AH were obtained before surgery and stored for later analysis using magnetic Luminex assays to detect interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1ra,IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, MCP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, spinal macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP-1a), interferon-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), regulated on activation, normal T expressed and secreted (RANTES), as well as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for SP.
resultsAmong the 4 groups, no significant differences were found in age, sex distribution, the R/L ration of the first surgery eye, or the lens nucleus hardness (P ≥ 0.802). Over 100 μl of AH samples were collected safely in all cases without intraoperative complications. SP and MCP-1 levels were both increased significantly in the second eye of the diabetic patients with 1-day and 1-week interval (P ≤ 0.040). The SP increase in the second eye of the diabetic patients were significantly higher than that of the patients without diabetes (P ≤ 0.030) both in the groups with 1-day and 1-week interval. Similarly, the MCP-1 increase was significantly higher in the diabetic patients in the group with 1-week interval (P = 0.042).
conclusionsSubstance P and MCP-1 productions elevated in the AH of the contralateral eye after the first-eye cataract surgery in diabetic patients, indicating that SP and MCP-1 were involved in the sympathetic inflammatory responses. Diabetic patients are susceptible to noninfectious inflammation after cataract surgery, and perceive more pain in the second-eye phacoemulsification.
trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1900028374 , retrospectively registered on 20th December, 2019.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.