SynthesisKidney international2021
A systematic review and participant-level meta-analysis found little association of retinal microvascular caliber with reduced kidney function.
Synthesis in Kidney international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reno-ocular syndromes: pathophysiological mechanisms linking kidney and ocular disorders.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- The Retinal Vasculature and Risk of Age-Related GFR Decline - The Renal Iohexol Clearance Survey.Kidney international reports · 2025Article
- Association of macular microcirculation with renal function in Chinese non-diabetic patients with hypertension.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Oculomics meets exposomics: a roadmap for applying multi-modal ocular biomarkers in precision environmental health research.Exposome · 2025Review
- Association of serum calcium levels with diabetic kidney disease in normocalcemic type 2 diabetes patients: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Automated Retinal Vessel Analysis Based on Fundus Photographs as a Predictor for Non-Ophthalmic Diseases-Evolution and Perspectives.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- In Vivo Visualization and Quantification of Optic Disc Microvasculature for Assessing Renal Dysfunction.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Previously, variation in retinal vascular caliber has been reported in association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but findings remain inconsistent. To help clarify this we conducted individual participant data meta-analysis and aggregate data meta-analysis on summary estimates to evaluate cross-sectional associations between retinal vascular caliber and CKD. A systematic review was performed using Medline and EMBASE for articles published until October 2018. The aggregate analysis used a two-stage approach combining summary estimates from eleven studies (44,803 patients) while the individual participant analysis used a one-stage approach combining raw data from nine studies (33,222 patients). CKD stages 3-5 was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate under 60 mL/min/1.73m
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.