ReviewThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2021
Approach to Interpreting Common Laboratory Pathology Tests in Transgender Individuals.
Review in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocrine Management of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adolescents: Expert Opinion of the ESPE Working Group on Gender Incongruence and the Endo-ERN Main Thematic Group on Sexual Development and Maturation.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2026Guideline
- Effects of gender affirming hormone therapy with testosterone on renal function of assigned female at birth transgender people: a meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Multivariate Models of Animal Sex: Breaking Binaries Leads to a Better Understanding of Ecology and Evolution.Integrative and comparative biology · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of Distinct Antiandrogen Exposures on the Plasma Metabolome in Feminizing Gender-affirming Hormone Therapy.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Trial
- Hormonal target validation based on biochemical shifts in gender-affirming hormone therapy.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2026Article
- Blood donor safety and selection criteria for individuals self-identifying as trans or non-binary.Vox sanguinis · 2026Review
- Changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate in Transgender Individuals Receiving Hormone Therapy: A Longitudinal Study.Clinical medicine insights. Endocrinology and diabetes · 2026Article
- Interpretating Normal Values and Reference Ranges for Laboratory Tests.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM · 2025Review
- Exploring the role of sex hormones and gender diversity in multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
- How to optimize and evaluate diversity in gynecologic cancer clinical trials: statements from the GCIG Barcelona Meeting.International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society · 2024Article
- Reference Ranges for All: Implementing Reference Ranges for Transgender and Nonbinary Patients.Applied clinical informatics · 2024Article
- Gender Reassignment and the Role of the Laboratory in Monitoring Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Effects of gender affirming hormone treatment in transgender individuals - a retrospective cohort study.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Impact of sex used for assignment of reference intervals in a population of patients taking gender-affirming hormones.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- A guide to caring for patients who identify as transgender and gender diverse in the emergency department.Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians open · 2024Article
- The Impact of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Physical Performance.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- The Role and Limitations of the Reference Interval Within Clinical Chemistry and Its Reliability for Disease Detection.British journal of biomedical science · 2024Review
- Management of transgender patients in critical care.Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2023Article
- Article
- The effect of gender-affirming hormone treatment on serum creatinine in transgender and gender-diverse youth: implications for estimating GFR.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2022Observational
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
contextAs the number of transgender (trans) people (including those who are binary and/or nonbinary identified) seeking gender-affirming hormone therapy rises, endocrinologists are increasingly asked to assist with interpretation of laboratory tests. Many common laboratory tests such as hemoglobin, iron studies, cardiac troponin, and creatinine are affected by sex steroids or body size. We seek to provide a summary of the impact of feminizing and masculinizing hormone therapy on common laboratory tests and an approach to interpretation. CASES: Case scenarios discussed include 1) hemoglobin and hematocrit in a nonbinary person undergoing masculinizing hormone therapy; 2) estimation of glomerular filtration rate in a trans woman at risk of contrast-induced nephropathy; 3) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in a trans woman; and 4) chest pain in a trans man with a cardiac troponin concentration between the reported male and female reference ranges.
conclusionsThe influence of exogenous gender-affirming hormone therapy on fat and muscle distribution and other physiological changes determines interpretation of laboratory tests that have sex-specific differences. In addition to affirmative practice to ensure a patient's name, gender, and pronoun are used appropriately, we propose that once individuals have commenced gender-affirming hormone therapy, the reference range of the affirmed gender be reported (and specified by treating clinicians) except for PSA or cardiac troponin, which are dependent on organ size. While suggestions may be challenging to implement, they also represent an opportunity to lead best practice to improve the quality of care and experiences of healthcare for all trans people.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.