ReviewMultiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)2022
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in dimethyl fumarate-treated multiple sclerosis patients.
Review in Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disease-modifying therapies and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Viral associations in multiple sclerosis: pathogenetic mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Virology journal · 2026Review
- Dimethyl fumarate as a versatile therapeutic agent: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications.Molecular biology reports · 2026Review
- Mitochondria as a therapeutic target in neurodegeneration caused by hypoxia and ischemia during the perinatal period.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2026Review
- Reprogramming autoimmunity: inducing antigen-specific tolerance via apoptotic mimicry in an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Dimethyl fumarate reprograms cervical cancer cells to enhance antitumor immunity by activating mtDNA-cGAS-STING pathway.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Article
- Multiple sclerosis: molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic intervention.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- JC Polyomavirus Infection: A Narrative Review.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Review
- Choosing initial MS therapy; personal, disease, and medication factors.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Repurposing Dimethyl Fumarate Targeting Nrf2 to Slow Down the Growth of Areas of Geographic Atrophy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A disproportionality analysis of nervous system adverse events associated with disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: insights from the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- De-escalating and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2025Review
- Dimethyl fumarate effects on paraquat-induced hepatotoxicity in mice via anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- JCV-specific cell-based assays for PML risk assessment in lupus and multiple sclerosis patients with and without natalizumab.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Analysis of Immunological Memory for John Cunningham Virus in a Mexican Population of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis Under Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Real-World Experience with Diroximel Fumarate in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Prospective Multicenter Study.Clinical drug investigation · 2024Observational
- Targeting aryl hydrocarbon receptor functionally restores tolerogenic dendritic cells derived from patients with multiple sclerosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in association with siponimod treatment for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a case report.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Understanding the Complex Dynamics of Immunosenescence in Multiple Sclerosis: From Pathogenesis to Treatment.Biomedicines · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF), a fumaric acid with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties, is among the most commonly used oral therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) has been associated with several disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), including DMF in treating MS. We present detailed clinical characteristics of nine PML cases and show that the PML incidence in DMF-treated patients is 0.02 per 1000 patients. In addition to persistent severe lymphopenia, older age appears to be a potential risk for PML. However, younger patients without lymphopenia were also observed to develop PML. DMF-associated PML has occurred in patients with absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs) above the guideline threshold, suggesting that changes in specific subsets might be more important than total ALC. Furthermore, since DMF has been found to decrease immune cell migration by decreasing the expression of adhesive molecules, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) immune profile may also be useful for assessing PML risk in DMF-treated patients. This review provides an up-to-date assessment of PML cases occurring in DMF-treated patients and discusses other potential considerations in light of our current understanding of DMF's mechanism of action on the immune system in the periphery and in the central nervous system (CNS).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.