ArticleObesity (Silver Spring, Md.)2020
Is Growth Hormone Insufficiency the Missing Link Between Obesity, Male Gender, Age, and COVID-19 Severity?
Article in Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of epicardial adipose tissue with the severity and adverse clinical outcomes of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Role of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Modulating Disease Severity in Children with COVID-19 and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Risk Factors Involved in the Blood (Leukocyte-Depleted Suspended Red Blood Cells and Plasma) Transfusion During Glioma Operations.Journal of blood medicine · 2025Article
- Hypopituitarism and COVID-19.Pituitary · 2024Review
- The Impact of Growth Hormone Treatment on COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity in Children with Short Stature: A Survey Study with Mendelian Randomization Analysis.Infection and drug resistance · 2024Article
- Article
- Thyroid hormones and platelet activation in COVID-19 patients.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Article
- Effects of growth hormone/estrogen/androgen on COVID-19-type proinflammatory responses in normal human lung epithelial BEAS-2B cells.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2022Article
- COVID-19 and hypopituitarism.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2022Review
- Abdominal obesity phenotype is associated with COVID-19 chest X-ray severity score better than BMI-based obesity.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2022Article
- Observational
- Growth hormone level in COVID-19 patients.Northern clinics of Istanbul · 2022Article
- Aging & COVID-19 susceptibility, disease severity, and clinical outcomes: The role of entangled risk factors.Experimental gerontology · 2021Review
- Obesity and its impact on COVID-19.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
- Growth hormone deficiency, acromegaly and COVID-19: Transitioning from media reports to knowledge and a growth hormone hypothesis.Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society · 2021Article
- Overweight and Obesity are Risk Factors for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
- Epicardial adipose tissue is associated with extent of pneumonia and adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2021Article
- Clash of the pandemics - At least 150'000 adults in Switzerland suffer from obesity grades 2 or 3 and are thus at elevated risk for severe COVID-19.F1000Research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Evidence has emerged regarding an increased risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with worse prognosis in elderly male patients with obesity, and blunted growth hormone (GH) secretion represents a feature of this population subgroup. Here, a comprehensive review of the possible links between GH-insulinlike growth factor 1 axis impairment and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity is offered. First, unequivocal evidence suggests that immune system dysregulation represents a key element in determining SARS-CoV-2 severity, as well as the association with adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD); notably, if GH is physiologically involved in the development and maintenance of the immune system, its pharmacological replacement in GHD patients seems to positively influence their inflammatory status. In addition, the impaired fibrinolysis associated with GHD may represent a further link between GH-insulin-like growth factor 1 axis impairment and COVID-19 severity, as it has been associated with both conditions. In conclusion, several sources of evidence have supported a relationship between GHD and COVID-19, and they also shed light upon potential beneficial effects of recombinant GH treatment on COVID-19 patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.