ArticleClinical oral investigations2021
Prevalence of molar-incisor-hypomineralisation (MIH) among 6-12-year-old children in Central Hesse (Germany).
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Restorative interventions and management of primary and permanent molars affected by molar incisor hypo-mineralization: a systematic review.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Pooled it
- Association of hypomineralized second primary molars (HSPM) and hypomineralized primary canines (HPC) with molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH): a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiological trends in enamel hypomineralisation and molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Pooled it
- Is there a rise of prevalence for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization? A meta-analysis of published data.BMC oral health · 2024Pooled it
- The prevalence of molar-incisor hypomineralization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Prevalence and Possible Etiological Factors of Molar-Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in Population of Silesian Children in Poland: A Pilot Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of different remineralization agents on MIH defects: a randomized clinical study.Clinical oral investigations · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Prevalence and characteristics of hypomineralised second primary molars in Irish school children.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2026Article
- Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of MIH in Schoolchildren From the Central Peruvian Jungle: A Cross‑Sectional Study.International journal of dentistry · 2026Article
- Etch-Bleach-Seal Technique in Managing Enamel Hypomineralization: A Case Report With Narrative Literature Review.Case reports in dentistry · 2026Article
- A proteomics approach to understand the hypomineralisation of second primary molars (HSPM). In-vitro study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated factors of molar-incisor hypomineralisation among schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study in the Vietnamese Northern provinces.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypersensitivity associated with molar-incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) among elementary schoolchildren in Bavaria, Germany: results from a cross-sectional study.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2025Article
- Prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization and demands for treatment according to the severity of its clinical manifestation.Clinical oral investigations · 2025Article
- Socioeconomic factors and feeding in the first two years of life associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Article
- Hypomineralised second primary molars: the Würzburg concept.European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry · 2024Review
- Prevalence and clinical presentation of molar incisor hypomineralisation among a population of children in the community of Madrid.BMC oral health · 2024Article
- Association of Three Genetic Loci with Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Polish Children.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Real-World Evidence on the Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in School Children from Bucharest, Romania.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimThe aim of the present cross-sectional study was to assess and compare the prevalence of MIH among 6-12-year-old school children living either in a rural area of Central Hesse (Germany) or in the city of Frankfurt on the Main (Germany). A possible association between hypomineralised second primary molars (HSPM) and MIH was investigated. Furthermore, the MIH prevalence data of the rural area were compared with those of a previous study conducted in this area in the school year 2002/2003.
methodsIn the school year 2014/2015, 2103 children (6-12 years of age) were examined during the annual school-based dental examinations prescribed by law at nine schools in the rural area of Central Hesse (LDK) and five schools in the city of Frankfurt on the Main (Ffm). Eight previously calibrated dentists working for the public healthcare authorities assessed the prevalence of HSPM/MIH (EAPD criteria/severity scale by Wetzel and Reckel) and the caries experience (dmft/DMFT).
resultsThe prevalence of HSPM/MIH amounted 3.2%/9.4% in LDK and 2.9%/17.4% in Ffm. In the majority of cases, children with MIH had demarcated opacities. In LDK, hypomineralised first permanent molars were most commonly affected by severity degree 2, whereas in Ffm, severity degree 1 was predominant. Children suffering from HSPM had an odds ratio of 11.32 (95% CI: 6.73-19.03) for having MIH as well. Compared with the results of 2002/2003 in LDK (prevalence of MIH 5.9%), the MIH prevalence increased by 3.5% in the rural area. All in all, the caries experience among children under investigation was low (DMFT 0.14-0.15). SIGNIFICANCE: MIH may be diagnosed in school children living in different areas of Germany with regional variations (rural-urban comparison). The presence of HSPM is of predictive value for MIH. The increasing number of hypomineralised first permanent molars over 12 years of time in the rural area indicates a need for further investigation on the aetiology of MIH.
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