ArticleNature medicine2020
A dynamic COVID-19 immune signature includes associations with poor prognosis.
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Article in Nature medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 633 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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633citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
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Who cites it
633 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Early peripheral blood MCEMP1 and HLA-DRA expression predicts COVID-19 prognosis.EBioMedicine · 2023Pooled it
- Levels of circulating kidney injury markers and IL-10 identify non-critically ill patients with COVID-19 at risk of death.JCI insight · 2026Trial
- An Inhaled Galectin-3 Inhibitor in COVID-19 Pneumonitis: A Phase Ib/IIa Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (DEFINE).American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2023Trial
- Systems genetics analysis reveals immune mediators of coronavirus disease severity in mice.Genetics · 2026Article
- Caspase-11-mediated hyperinflammation impairs CD8+ T cell immunity and viral clearance in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Article
- Functional immune changes are conserved in COVID-19 and trauma patients receiving intensive care.Nature communications · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Is Airborne AIDS: Provocative Oversimplification, Emerging Science, or Something in Between?AJPM focus · 2026Review
- Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy with machine learning to monitor COVID-19 disease from acute infection to recovery.Journal of biomedical optics · 2026Article
- Early prediction of severe Omicron pneumonia using a multimodal a.i. model integrating delta CT radiomics and laboratory indicators.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Functional Profile of γδ T Cells in Severe and Moderate COVID-19: A Brazilian Cross-Sectional Study.Cells · 2026Article
- Association of CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Subsets and Cytokine Profiles with Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Article
- Chronic IL-21 exposure reshapes pulmonary environment, elevating risk of respiratory diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Exploring blood transcriptional signatures for thrombosis diagnosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2026Article
- Viral evolution during primary infection in immunocompromised hosts.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Immunoregulatory effect of metformin in monocytes exposed to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein subunit 1.Immunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2026Article
- BCG Vaccination Modulates Long-Term TNF-α and sCD40L in COVID-19: An Exploratory Longitudinal Study.International journal of general medicine · 2026Article
- Cellular Immunological Memory T Cells andDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Impact of Gestational Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Neonatal Inflammatory Biomarkers.Research square · 2025Article
573 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
50 authors.
Adam G Laing *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Anna Lorenc *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1406-7607
Irene Del Molino Del Barrio *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Abhishek Das *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8798-035X
Matthew Fish *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6462-3889
Leticia Monin *The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4951-8105
Miguel Muñoz-Ruiz *The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Duncan R McKenzie *The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0961-8846
Thomas S Hayday *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Isaac Francos-Quijorna *Regeneration Group, Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, IoPPN, King's College London, London, UK.
Shraddha Kamdar *Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Magdalene JosephPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Daniel DaviesPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Richard DavisPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Aislinn JenningsPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6954-5717
Iva ZlatarevaPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Pierre VantouroutPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-5517
Yin WuPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4080-3935
Vasiliki SofraPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Florencia CanoThe Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0695-7551
Maria GrecoThe Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
Efstathios TheodoridisPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Joshua D FreedmanPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Sarah GeePeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2997-6563
Julie Nuo En ChanComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Sarah RyanDepartment of Inflammation Biology, King's College London, London, UK.
Eva Bugallo-BlancoComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4350-0625
Pärt PetersonMolecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6755-791X
Kai KisandMolecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4648
Liis HaljasmägiMolecular Pathology Research Group, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
Loubna ChadliCenter for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France.
Philippe MoingeonCenter for Therapeutic Innovation in Immuno-inflammation, Servier, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-9983
Lauren MartinezInfectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-2496
Blair MerrickCentre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-6064
Karen BisnauthsingCentre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Kate BrooksInfectious Diseases Department, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Mohammad A A IbrahimImmunological Medicine, Kings College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0116-597X
Jeremy MasonThe European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-5123
Federico Lopez GomezThe European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7138-3542
Kola BabalolaThe European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK.
Sultan Abdul-JawadComprehensive Cancer Centre, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
John CasonDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Christine MantDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Jeffrey SeowDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Carl GrahamDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Katie J DooresDepartment of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Francesca Di RosaInstitute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Rome, Italy.
Jonathan EdgeworthCentre for Clinical Infection and Diagnostics Research, Department of Infectious Diseases, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
Manu Shankar-HariPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. manu.shankar-hari@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5338-2538
Adrian C HaydayPeter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK. adrian.hayday@kcl.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-5793
Funding
Cancer Research UK 20265
Abstract
Improved understanding and management of COVID-19, a potentially life-threatening disease, could greatly reduce the threat posed by its etiologic agent, SARS-CoV-2. Toward this end, we have identified a core peripheral blood immune signature across 63 hospital-treated patients with COVID-19 who were otherwise highly heterogeneous. The signature includes discrete changes in B and myelomonocytic cell composition, profoundly altered T cell phenotypes, selective cytokine/chemokine upregulation and SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Some signature traits identify links with other settings of immunoprotection and immunopathology; others, including basophil and plasmacytoid dendritic cell depletion, correlate strongly with disease severity; while a third set of traits, including a triad of IP-10, interleukin-10 and interleukin-6, anticipate subsequent clinical progression. Hence, contingent upon independent validation in other COVID-19 cohorts, individual traits within this signature may collectively and individually guide treatment options; offer insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis; and aid early, risk-based patient stratification that is particularly beneficial in phasic diseases such as COVID-19.
Indexed as
AgedAntibodies, ViralBasophilsBetacoronavirusB-LymphocytesB-Lymphocyte SubsetsCase-Control StudiesCell CycleChemokine CXCL10ChemokinesCohort StudiesCoronavirus InfectionsCOVID-19CytokinesDendritic CellsDisease ProgressionAntibodies, ViralChemokine CXCL10ChemokinesCXCL10 protein, humanCytokinesIL10 protein, humanIL6 protein, humanInterleukin-10Interleukin-6
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