ReviewNature nanotechnology2021
Advances in nanomaterial vaccine strategies to address infectious diseases impacting global health.
Review in Nature nanotechnology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunostimulant-integrated acrylate nanocomposite adjuvants potentiate foot-and-mouth disease vaccine efficacy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Article
- Functionalized Coacervates for Cancer Therapy: Advances and Prospects in Phase-Separation-Based Intelligent Drug Delivery.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Potentiating Gentamicin Efficacy Against Biofilms of Clinically Relevant Gram-Negative Bacteria Using Biosynthesized ZnO Nanoparticles.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle Engineering in Modern Vaccinology: From Delivery Platforms to Immune-Programming Architectures.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Smart Nano-Antibiotics: AI-Guided Stimuli-Responsive Nanoplatforms for Precision Antimicrobial Therapy.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A multi species autophagy-inducing nano-vaccine platform: uncovering immunoenhancement properties of PCV2 cap nanoparticles.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus vaccines: Advances, challenges and future perspectives.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Trace Elements and Viral Infectious Diseases: Dual Roles in Pathogenesis and Immunity.Infectious disease reports · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-Enhanced Vaccines for Respiratory Infections: Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Computationally designed haemagglutinin with nanocage plug-and-display elicits pan-H5 influenza vaccine responses.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Protein nanocages: A new frontier in mucosal vaccine delivery and immune activation.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Cascade-targeted delivery platform enhances antigen cross-presentation and STING activation for durable cellular immunity.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Hantavirus GnACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing healthcare with nanosensor technology.RSC advances · 2025Review
- Influenza Virus: Global Health Impact, Strategies, Challenges, Role of Nanotechnolgy in Influenza Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Cryomicroneedle Arrays for Biotherapeutics Delivery.Small science · 2025Review
- Advances in nanotechnology-enabled adjuvants for peptide-based cancer vaccines.Nano research · 2025Article
- Flexing protein assemblies.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- A basedMaterials today. Bio · 2025Article
- A Multiepitope Nanovaccine Candidate Adjuvanted with Porcine Ferritin Scaffold for African Swine Fever Virus.Vaccines · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the overwhelming success of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases, there remain numerous globally devastating diseases without fully protective vaccines, particularly human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria and tuberculosis. Nanotechnology approaches are being developed both to design new vaccines against these diseases as well as to facilitate their global implementation. The reasons why a given pathogen may present difficulties for vaccine design are unique and tied to the co-evolutionary history of the pathogen and humans, but there are common challenges that nanotechnology is beginning to help address. In each case, a successful vaccine will need to raise immune responses that differ from the immune responses raised by normal infection. Nanomaterials, with their defined compositions, commonly modular construction, and length scales allowing the engagement of key immune pathways, collectively facilitate the iterative design process necessary to identify such protective immune responses and achieve them reliably. Nanomaterials also provide strategies for engineering the trafficking and delivery of vaccine components to key immune cells and lymphoid tissues, and they can be highly multivalent, improving their engagement with the immune system. This Review will discuss these aspects along with recent nanomaterial advances towards vaccines against infectious disease, with a particular emphasis on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
32807876What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.