ArticleNature communications2020
Strength of immune selection in tumors varies with sex and age.
Article in Nature communications, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients with advanced gastroesophageal cancer: An updated meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Pooled it
- Twenty-year survival outcomes after multipeptide vaccination for resected high-risk melanoma: A post-hoc analysis of a randomized clinical trial.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- Adding Metastasis-Directed Therapy to Standard-of-Care Systemic Therapy for Oligometastatic Breast Cancer (EXTEND): A Multicenter, Randomized Phase 2 Trial.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2025Trial
- Sex-Biased Immunity: The Hidden Variable in Immuno-oncology.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- The Ratio of Immunogenicity: A quantitative metric to identify highly immunogenic protein antigens to improve tissue-engineered biomaterials.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological Factors Influencing PD-L1 Expression and the Effect of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors on Survival Outcomes in Patients with Gastric Cancer Depending on Sex in a Tertiary Hospital in South Korea.Cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- The lethal symbiont: exploring the pathophysiology of cancer.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- The Immune Landscape of Acral Melanoma: From Basic to Clinical.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- Genomic analysis of T Cell receptors reveals lynch syndrome specific immune signatures.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SexTumorDB: a comprehensive resource of sex-dependent tumor landscape at single-cell resolution.Scientific data · 2026Article
- The gut-skin axis in melanoma: from microbial regulatory mechanisms to clinical translation for precision management.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Temporal trends in long-term relative survival of cutaneous verrucous carcinoma: a period analysis from a large-scale SEER-based cohort.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Demographic and metabolic risk factors for non-communicable diseases in Iran: insights from a prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Ageing, immune fitness and cancer.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Sex and gender differences in cancer pathogenesis and pharmacology.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
- Article
- Exceptional responders to immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer: A multi-institutional case series of a rare occurrence.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- Comprehensive assessment of computational methods for cancer immunoediting.Cell reports methods · 2025Article
- Sex-Related Differences in Immunotherapy Toxicities: Insights into Dimorphic Responses.Cancers · 2025Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of young unresectable gastric cancer patients: a multicentre real-world study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Individual MHC genotype constrains the mutational landscape during tumorigenesis. Immune checkpoint inhibition reactivates immunity against tumors that escaped immune surveillance in approximately 30% of cases. Recent studies demonstrated poorer response rates in female and younger patients. Although immune responses differ with sex and age, the role of MHC-based immune selection in this context is unknown. We find that tumors in younger and female individuals accumulate more poorly presented driver mutations than those in older and male patients, despite no differences in MHC genotype. Younger patients show the strongest effects of MHC-based driver mutation selection, with younger females showing compounded effects and nearly twice as much MHC-II based selection. This study presents evidence that strength of immune selection during tumor development varies with sex and age, and may influence the availability of mutant peptides capable of driving effective response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.