Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32807144›Full record

ArticleBMC women's health2020

Challenges and opportunities confronting female-headed households in Iran: a qualitative study.

Javad Yoosefi Lebni, Mohammad Ali Mohammadi Gharehghani, Goli Soofizad, Bahar Khosravi, Arash Ziapour, Seyed Fahim Irandoost

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC women's health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
33citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

33 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Empowering Women in Tobacco Control: A Participatory Study on Household Smoking Behavior in Aceh, Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Article
  5. Determinants of young People's gender norm attitudes related to rights and equity in Southeast Nigeria.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Determinants of child physical abuse in Guyana: Findings from the 2019 Guyana Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey.Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. The Child as Vulnerable Victim: Humanitarianism Constructs Its Object.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Promoting Physical Activity and Health in the Workplace: A Qualitative Study among University Workers, Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Javad Yoosefi LebniHealth Promotion Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Ali Mohammadi GharehghaniSocial Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Goli SoofizadSchool of public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Bahar KhosraviStudents Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Arash ZiapourHealth Education and Health Promotion, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Seyed Fahim IrandoostHealth Education and Health Promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. fahim.irandost@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0001-5916-477X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFemale-headed households are one of the most vulnerable groups of society that confront many problems and challenges. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the challenges and opportunities confronting female-headed households in Iran.

methodsThis qualitative study was conducted among female-headed households in Kermanshah, West of Iran, in 2019. The data were collected through Semi-structured interviews with 26 female-headed households who were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Data analysis was done through conventional qualitative content analysis, and the software MAXQDA-12 was used for the management of data. The four criteria of Goba and Lincon, including credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability, were observed to evaluate the quality of research results.

resultsAfter analyzing the data, 4 main categories and 13 subcategories were obtained as follows: individual problems (role overload, role conflict, end of love, psychological problems), intra-family problems (declined independence, intra-family tension, poverty reproduction and family disability), social problems (stigma of being unattended, social insecurity, social isolation, social exclusion), positive outcomes (positive self-concept, social maturity).

conclusionFemale-headed households face many challenges that can become a big threat or an opportunity. Therefore, their health improvement can be achieved through training and helping them to adapt to new and multifaceted roles, providing more economic support and helping them raise their social status.

Indexed as

Family CharacteristicsPovertySelf ConceptAdultEmpowermentFemaleHumansInterviews as TopicIranLeadershipQualitative ResearchSocial ChangeSocioeconomic FactorsChallengesFemale-headed householdsIranOpportunitiesQualitative content analysis

Identifiers

PMID32807144
PMCPMC7433139

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.