ReviewThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
The state of latency in microbial pathogenesis.
Review in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Paradoxical Th1 activation and CTLA-4 regulation is beneficial during latent cryptococcosis.mBio · 2026Article
- Getting on your last nerve: IFNs and resistance to infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- The immune system as a regulator of normal physiology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune targeting and host-protective effects of the latent stage of Toxoplasma gondii.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Microevolution of Cryptococcus neoformans in high COCell reports · 2025Article
- Reactivation of latent human intracellular infections during a months-long expedition at the Antarctic Vostok station.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Evolution of the ocular immune system.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- State of the Field: Cytotoxic Immune Cell Responses inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Melioidosis and Activation from Latency: The "Time Bomb" Has Not Occurred.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
- Dynamic action of an intrinsically disordered protein in DNA compaction that induces mycobacterial dormancy.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Secrets and lies of host-microbial interactions: MHC restriction and trans-regulation of T cell trafficking conceal the role of microbial agents on the edge between health and multifactorial/complex diseases.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Review
- The microbial damage and host response framework: lesson learned from pathogenic survival trajectories and immunoinflammatory responses ofFrontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Kicking sleepers out of bed: Macrophages promote reactivation of dormant Cryptococcus neoformans by extracellular vesicle release and non-lytic exocytosis.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Importance of Clinical Isolates inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Enhanced immunogenicity of the tuberculosis subunit Rv0572c vaccine delivered in DMT liposome adjuvant as a BCG-booster.Tuberculosis (Edinburgh, Scotland) · 2022Article
- Feasibility of novel approaches to detect viableFrontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Facial Erythema Due to Lupus Vulgaris andClinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2022Article
- Immune Privilege Furnishes a Niche for Latent Infection.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The state of latency occurs when a microbe's persistence in a host produces host damage without perturbing homeostasis sufficiently to cause clinical symptoms or disease. The mechanisms contributing to latency are diverse and depend on the nature of both the microbe and the host. Latency has advantages for both host and microbe. The host avoids progressive damage caused by interaction with the microbe that may translate into disease, and the microbe secures a stable niche in which to survive. Latency is clinically important because some latent microbes can be transmitted to other hosts, and it is associated with a risk for recrudescent microbial growth and development of disease. In addition, it can predispose the host to other diseases, such as malignancies. Hence, latency is a temporally unstable state with an eventual outcome that mainly depends on host immunity. Latency is an integral part of the pathogenic strategies of microbes that require human (and/or mammalian) hosts, including herpesviruses, retroviruses, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Toxoplasma gondii. However, latency is also an outcome of infection with environmental organisms such as Cryptococcus neoformans, which require no host in their replicative cycles. For most microbes that achieve latency, there is a need for a better understanding and more investigation of host and microbial mechanisms that result in this state.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.