ArticleDrug delivery2020
Functional differences between protamine preparations for the transfection of mRNA.
Article in Drug delivery, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Construction of Transcutaneous Immuno-oncology Vaccine Patches Based on Total RNA from Immunogenic Cell Death-Induced Tumor Cells: Characterization, Immunological Activity, and Safety Evaluation.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Lipid-free, thermostable mRNA vaccines prepared using atomic layer deposition.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Article
- PROTA: A Robust Tool for Protamine Prediction Using a Hybrid Approach of Machine Learning and Deep Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Advancements and challenges in mRNA and ribonucleoprotein-based therapies: From delivery systems to clinical applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Review
- Charge-Complementary Polymersomes for Enhanced mRNA Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- DNA-protamine condensates under low salt conditions: molecular dynamics simulation with a simple coarse-grained model focusing on electrostatic interactions.Nanoscale advances · 2023Article
- Polymer-Based mRNA Delivery Strategies for Advanced Therapies.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Review
- Article
- mRNA-based modalities for infectious disease management.Nano research · 2023Review
- Review
- Nonviral Delivery Systems of mRNA Vaccines for Cancer Gene Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- The nano delivery systems and applications of mRNA.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- RNA with chemotherapeutic base analogues as a dual-functional anti-cancer drug.Oncoimmunology · 2022Article
- A mRNA Vaccine Encoding for a RBD 60-mer Nanoparticle Elicits Neutralizing Antibodies and Protective Immunity Against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant in Transgenic K18-hACE2 Mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Protamine-Based Strategies for RNA Transfection.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Use of Protamine in Nanopharmaceuticals-A Review.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Delivery Systems of Retinoprotective Proteins in the Retina.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Hybridization Networks of mRNA and Branched RNA Hybrids.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Protamine is a natural cationic peptide mixture used as a drug for the neutralization of heparin and in formulations of slow-release insulin. In addition, Protamine can be used for the stabilization and delivery of nucleic acids (antisense, small interfering RNA (siRNA), immunostimulatory nucleic acids, plasmid DNA, or messenger RNA) and is therefore included in several compositions that are in clinical development. Notably, when mixed with RNA, protamine spontaneously generates particles in the size range of 20-1000 nm depending on the formulation conditions (concentration of the reagents, ratio, and presence of salts). These particles are being used for vaccination and immuno-stimulation. Several grades of protamine are available, and we compared them in the context of complex formation with messenger RNA (mRNA). We found that the different available protamine preparations largely vary in their composition and capacity to transfect mRNA. Our data point to the source of protamine as an important parameter for the production of therapeutic protamine-based complexes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.