ArticleEnvironmental science and pollution research international2020
Association between blood lead levels and blood pressure in American adults: results from NHANES 1999-2016.
Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Relationship between lead exposure and different types of hypertension: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Public and occupational health risks related to lead exposure updated according to present-day blood lead levels.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Review
- Association of multi-metals with the risk of hypertension and the interaction with obesity: A cross-sectional study in China.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Assessment of potters' occupational exposure to lead and associated risk factors in Maragogipinho, Brazil: preliminary results.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between blood lead level (BLL) and hypertension in adults when lead exposure for the general population is low. The study used data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2016. Participants aged 20 to 79 years were included in our study. Weighted multiple linear regression and logistic regression were conducted to test the association between BLL and systolic/diastolic blood pressure and hypertension status, respectively, while controlling for age, gender, race/ethnicity, body mass index, income level, and education. A total of 30,467 participants were included in this study. There was no association between BLL and hypertension status for the overall sample. Among those who were not taking antihypertensive medication, after adjusting for covariates, systolic blood pressure was positively correlated with BLL in non-Hispanic Whites (P = 0.004) and non-Hispanic Blacks (P = 0.0005), but not Hispanics (P = 0.07) nor Others (P = 0.37). The relationship between diastolic blood pressure and lead levels was also significant in non-Hispanic Whites and non-Hispanic Blacks. This study showed that higher BLL was associated with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure in some population groups, but not associated with hypertension status.
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Registered trials
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