ArticleGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
Rural-urban differences in myopia prevalence among myopes presenting to Bhutanese retinal clinical services: a 3-year national study.
Article in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Thoracic angle of trunk rotation and its association with myopia among schoolchildren in a rural county of northeastern China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Optimizing myopia prediction in children and adolescents using machine learning: a multi-factorial risk assessment model.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Myopia and daylight-A combination of factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Uncovering predictors of myopia in youth: a secondary data analysis using a machine learning approach.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Prediction of myopia onset and shift in premyopic school-aged children: a machine learning-based algorithm.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Dynamics of Myopia Progression in Ghana-Evidence From Clinical Practice: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Health science reports · 2024Article
- The influence of the environment and lifestyle on myopia.Journal of physiological anthropology · 2024Review
- Refractive errors in Tianjin youth aged 6-18 years: exploring urban-rural variations and contributing factors.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Pattern and Prevalence of Retinal Vein Occlusion in Bhutan: A 3-Year National Survey at Vitreoretinal Clinics.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Epidemiology and trends in the uptake of refractive error services in Harare, Zimbabwe: a hospital-based retrospective study.Malawi medical journal : the journal of Medical Association of Malawi · 2023Article
- Profile of Patients Treated with Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Injections in Bhutan.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Severity of age-related macular degeneration at first presentation in Bhutan: a 3-year national study.BMC ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Increasing prevalence of myopia and the impact of education in primary-school students in Xi'an, north-western of China.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Myopia and its associated factors among pregnant women at health institutions in Gondar District, Northwest Ethiopia: A multi-center cross-sectional study.Frontiers in global women's health · 2022Article
- Trends of myopia development among primary and junior school students in the post-COVID-19 epidemic period.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Visual impairment and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care units at health institutions in Gondar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Article
- Retinal laser services in Bhutan: a 3-year national survey.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence and demographic characteristics of myopia among patients presenting to the national vitreo-retinal (VR) services in Bhutan.
methodsThe records of the VR clinic at the apex national referral centre, providing the only VR services in the country, were reviewed to identify all new myopia patients over three years. Thus, we surveyed all referrals nationally. The patients were categorised into urban and rural females and males. We assessed myopia prevalence in each group by occupational and educational categories. We examined univariate prevalence data and a multivariate logistic regression (MLR) identified independent factors.
resultsOf 2913 cases 1544 (53.0%) were males. Females presented earlier (mean ±SD): overall 45.7 ± 21.9 cf. 48.6 ± 21.6 years, p = 0.003, and among myopes 23.9 ± 13.5 cf. 27.6 ± 18.6 years, p = 0.032. Myopia constituted 92.1% of refractive error, an overall prevalence of 12.3%. Myopia was more common among females (p = 0.01) and urbanites (p = 0.02). Myopia prevalence was highest among urban females (20.9%), followed by urban males (11.9%), rural females (6.8%), and rural males (5.2%). Logistic regression revealed that the odds of having myopia were increased by being a student (4.96 ×) or professional (1.96 ×), and decreased by rural living (1.75 ×), all p ≤ 0.038.
conclusionsThis is the first study on myopia in Bhutan. As observed throughout East and Southeast Asia, the prevalence of myopia was higher in females and urbanites and positively associated with formal education. Given known risk factors, these prevalences may be driven by educational pressures and reduced time spent outdoors.
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