ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Invasive Group A Streptococcal Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs and People Experiencing Homelessness in the United States, 2010-2017.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dermatologic conditions and risk factors in people experiencing homelessness (PEH): systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Pooled it
- Invasive group A streptococcal disease in pregnant women and young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Infectious Diseases Among People Experiencing Homelessness: A Systematic Review of the Literature in the United States and Canada, 2003-2022.Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)Pooled it
- A case report of fulminant primary purulent pericarditis due toEuropean heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Bacterial Carriage and Invasive Infections Among People Who Inject Drugs: Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology in an Australian Prospective Cohort.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The Complexity of erm-Mediated Resistance: Structural and Functional Perspectives From β-Hemolytic Streptococci.Molecular microbiology · 2026Review
- Group A Streptococcus Disease Outbreak Associated with Large Congregate Shelter, Chicago, Illinois, USA, October 2023-January 2024.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based discovery of GW3965 as a therapeutic compound against invasive emm92-type group A Streptococcus.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Before and after the bottleneck: pediatric group A streptococcal infections in Houston, TX, from 2013 to 2023.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Machine learning-based discovery of GW3965 as a therapeutic compound against invasive emm92-type group A Streptococcus.Research square · 2026Article
- Invasive Group A Streptococcal Disease in Persons Experiencing Postpandemic Homelessness in Canada.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Routine genomic surveillance in a military healthcare facility detected a community-based Group AInfection control and hospital epidemiology · 2026Article
- The rise and spread of invasiveMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Transcriptome of macrolide-resistantMicrobiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Bacterial and fungal infections in persons who inject drugs.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Group A Streptococcus among American Indian Persons, White Mountain Apache Tribal Lands, United States, 2016-2019Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Invasive group A streptococcus infections in the intensive care unit: an unsupervised cluster analysis of a multicentric retrospective cohort.Critical care (London, England) · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary Guidance to Care for Persons With Xylazine-Associated Wounds.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Review
- Increasing incidence of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) outbreaks in England 2015-2019.Epidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Insights into MLSJAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReported outbreaks of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) and people experiencing homelessness (PEH) have increased, concurrent with rising US iGAS rates. We describe epidemiology among iGAS patients with these risk factors.
methodsWe analyzed iGAS infections from population-based Active Bacterial Core surveillance (ABCs) at 10 US sites from 2010 to 2017. Cases were defined as GAS isolated from a normally sterile site or from a wound in patients with necrotizing fasciitis or streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. GAS isolates were emm typed. We categorized iGAS patients into four categories: injection drug use (IDU) only, homelessness only, both, and neither. We calculated annual change in prevalence of these risk factors using log binomial regression models. We estimated national iGAS infection rates among PWID and PEH.
resultsWe identified 12 386 iGAS cases; IDU, homelessness, or both were documented in ~13%. Skin infections and acute skin breakdown were common among iGAS patients with documented IDU or homelessness. Endocarditis was 10-fold more frequent among iGAS patients with documented IDU only versus those with neither risk factor. Average percentage yearly increase in prevalence of IDU and homelessness among iGAS patients was 17.5% and 20.0%, respectively. iGAS infection rates among people with documented IDU or homelessness were ~14-fold and 17- to 80-fold higher, respectively, than among people without those risks.
conclusionsIDU and homelessness likely contribute to increases in US incidence of iGAS infections. Improving management of skin breakdown and early recognition of skin infection could prevent iGAS infections in these patients.
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