ReviewClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2021
Immunosuppressive Agents and Infectious Risk in Transplantation: Managing the "Net State of Immunosuppression".
Review in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 144 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
144 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 239 citations in OpenAlex.
- Graft rejection across solid organ transplants: mechanisms, monitoring, and immunosuppressive therapeutics.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- What are the functional outcomes of total laryngeal transplantation? A systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association between severe or death COVID-19 and solid organ transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Transplantation reviews (Orlando, Fla.) · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- The influence of recipient's pre-existing diabetes mellitus on outcomes of living donor kidney transplant.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Cordyceps Militaris Exopolysaccharides and Lactiplantibacillus Plantarum H8 Synergistically Improve Immune Function Damage in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Harnessing the Bio-Instructive Placental Extracellular Matrix: Structural Properties, Decellularization, and Applications in Regenerative Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Global Immune Biomarkers to Predict Infections in Lung Transplant Recipients.Clinical transplantation · 2026Article
- Article
- Bronchiectasis in renal transplant patients: a narrative review.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Review
- Heparin-Binding Protein and Transplant-Associated Inflammation: Emerging Roles in Infection, Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury, and Allograft Dysfunction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Application strategies of autologous and decellularized nerve grafts: Structural and functional recovery.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Immunosuppression, resistance burden, and qSOFA on short-term prognosis and difficult clearance in hospitalized patients with Salmonella infection: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Interferon-gamma release assay screening before solid organ transplantation in a low-incidence country: a prospective single-center cohort study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sino-Cranial Aspergillosis in an ABO-Incompatible Renal Transplant Recipient Following a "March of Infections".Cureus · 2026Article
- Torque teno virus viral load and hospitalisation for infections in long-term kidney transplant recipients: a single-centre prospective cohort study.BMC nephrology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Strategies for Managing Viral Infections in Solid Organ Transplantation: Progress and Challenges.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Antigen-specific immunotherapy with a CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Alloimmunity and Other Immunological Considerations in Organ Transplantation.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
84 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Successful solid organ transplantation reflects meticulous attention to the details of immunosuppression, balancing risks for graft rejection against risks for infection. The "net state of immune suppression" is a conceptual framework of all factors contributing to infectious risk. Assays that measure immune function in the immunosuppressed transplant recipient relative to infectious risk and allograft function are lacking. The best measures of integrated immune function may be quantitative viral loads to assess the individual's ability to control latent viral infections. Few studies address adjustment of immunosuppression during active infections; thus, confronted with infection in solid organ recipients, the management of immunosuppression is based largely on clinical experience. This review examines known measures of immune function and the immunologic effects of common immunosuppressive drugs and available studies reporting modification of drug regimens for specific infections. These data provide a conceptual framework for the management of immunosuppression during infection in organ recipients.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.