ReviewSchizophrenia bulletin open2020
A Systematic Review of the Potential Use of Neurofeedback in Patients With Schizophrenia.
Review in Schizophrenia bulletin open, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 22 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Self-navigating the "Island of Reil": a systematic review of real-time fMRI neurofeedback training of insula activity.Translational psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Theta/Beta-based Neurofeedback Training on Attention in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Child psychiatry and human development · 2023Pooled it
- Review of EEG-based neurofeedback as a therapeutic intervention to treat depression.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2023Pooled it
- Targeting Frontal Gamma Activity with Neurofeedback to Improve Working Memory in Schizophrenia.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Pooled it
- Targeting the superior temporal gyrus with real-time fMRI neurofeedback: A pilot study of the indirect effects on self-referential processes in schizophrenia.Schizophrenia research · 2024Trial
- Improving Clinical, Cognitive, and Psychosocial Dysfunctions in Patients with Schizophrenia: A Neurofeedback Randomized Control Trial.Neural plasticity · 2021Trial
- EEG Neurofeedback for Major Depressive Disorder: A Scoping Review.Alpha psychiatry · 2026Review
- Neurocognitive Effects of Neurofeedback: A Systematic Review of the Applicability and Therapeutic Effect in Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders, Psychosis or Clinical High Risks for Psychosis.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Review
- Metabolic Plasticity in Schizophrenia: Clinical Rehabilitation Meets LC-MS Metabolomics and Neurofeedback.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrating Virtual Reality, Neurofeedback, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (Hybrid): Protocol of a Pilot, Unblinded, Single-Arm Interventional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- From lab to life: challenges and perspectives of fNIRS for haemodynamic-based neurofeedback in real-world environments.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Exploring neurofeedback as a therapeutic intervention for subjective cognitive decline.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- A Systematic Review of the Effects of EEG Neurofeedback on Patients with Schizophrenia.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Neurocognitive, Clinical and Reelin Activity in Rehabilitation Using Neurofeedback Therapy in Patients with Schizophrenia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Epigenome Defines Aberrant Brain Laterality in Major Mental Illnesses.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Empathy in schizophrenia: neural alterations during emotion recognition and affective sharing.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Adaptive P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface for Attention Training: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Self-Regulatory Neuronal Mechanisms and Long-Term Challenges in Schizophrenia Treatment.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- A narrative review of treatment interventions to improve cognitive performance in schizophrenia, with an emphasis on at-risk and early course stages.Psychiatry research · 2022Review
- Opportunity Cost or Opportunity Lost: An Empirical Assessment of Ethical Concerns and Attitudes of EEG Neurofeedback Users.Neuroethics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedErratum.2020
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by positive symptoms (hallucinations and delusions), negative symptoms (anhedonia, social withdrawal) and marked cognitive deficits (memory, executive function, and attention). Current mainstays of treatment, including medications and psychotherapy, do not adequately address cognitive symptoms, which are essential for everyday functioning. However, recent advances in computational neurobiology have rekindled interest in neurofeedback (NF), a form of self-regulation or neuromodulation, in potentially alleviating cognitive symptoms in patients with SCZ. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the literature for NF studies in SCZ to identify lessons learned and to identify steps to move the field forward. Our findings reveal that NF studies to date consist mostly of case studies and small sample, single-group studies. Despite few randomized clinical trials, the results suggest that NF is feasible and that it leads to measurable changes in brain function. These findings indicate early proof-of-concept data that needs to be followed up by larger, randomized clinical trials, testing the efficacy of NF compared to well thought out placebos. We hope that such an undertaking by the field will lead to innovative solutions that address refractory symptoms and improve everyday functioning in patients with SCZ.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.