ReviewLocal and regional anesthesia2020
Emergence Agitation and Delirium: Considerations for Epidemiology and Routine Monitoring in Pediatric Patients.
Review in Local and regional anesthesia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06323616 (The Effect of Anesthesia Depth Monitoring on Emergence Agitation and Delirium in Pediatrics), which is not on this map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Anesthesia Depth Monitoring on Emergence Agitation and Delirium in Pediatrics
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Effect of Remimazolam Administration on Emergence Delirium in Children After General Anesthesia: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Paediatric anaesthesia · 2026Pooled it
- EEG-guided sevoflurane anesthesia vs. standard care in pediatric emergence delirium: a grade-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Pooled it
- Non-pharmacological interventions for delirium in the pediatric population: a systematic review with narrative synthesis.BMC pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Different Doses of Nalbuphine and Esketamine on Prevention of Emergence Agitation in Preschool Children Undergoing Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Ciprofol versus Propofol for Emergence Agitation and Recovery Quality in Pediatric Dental Anesthesia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Nalbuphine in Pediatric Emergence Agitation Following Cochlear Implantation: A Randomized Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Nasal splinting and mouth breathing training reduce emergence delirium after endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2023Trial
- The effect of listening to a mother's voice on emergence delirium in pediatric patients undergoing adenotonsillectomy: a prospective study.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Comparison of the Effect of Pyridostigmine and Sugammadex on Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Association between VA providers' reported use of care strategies and emergence delirium: a national retrospective cross-sectional survey.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2026Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting emergence agitation in children: a multicenter development and validation study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of optimal dosage combinations of oral midazolam and esketamine for pediatric preoperative sedation: A randomized, double-blind clinical trial.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Effect of Low-Dose Propofol Administered at the End of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on Emergence Agitation in Pediatric Patients Undergoing MRI: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Anesthesiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Impact of preoperative audiovisual distraction on emergence agitation in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery: a prospective, randomized, single-blinded pilot study.Journal of dental anesthesia and pain medicine · 2025Article
- Propofol exerted the neuroprotective effects by regulating renin-angiotensin system and mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane in the postoperative cognitive dysfunction.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Emergence Delirium in Elderly Orthopedic Patients After General Anesthesia.Brain and behavior · 2025Observational
- Surgery May Be a Major Contributor for Postoperative Delirium in Patients With Elective Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Procedures.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Observational
- Intranasal Dexmedetomidine vs. Oral Midazolam in Pediatric Emergence Agitation Management Following Anesthesia; A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2025Article
- Intravenous injection of 0.5 μg/kg dexmedetomidine during plasma resection of tonsil adenoids can reduce the incidence of delirium and hemodynamics in children.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Comparative analysis of general anaesthesia with and without dexmedetomidine in emergence agitation.Bioinformation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Emergence from anesthesia can be associated with a wide spectrum of cognitive and behavioral dysregulation in children, including delirium or acute brain dysfunction. This period of neurobehavioral recovery can be further confounded by pain, anxiety, and fear. The implementation of monitoring for level of consciousness, pain, and delirium using valid pediatric tools is necessary to avoid misdiagnosis due to overlapping symptomatology and support appropriate management. Understanding the epidemiology of delirium in the postoperative setting will require consistent use of accurate terminology in the medical literature. The current interchangeable use of the terms "emergence agitation" and "emergence delirium" needs to be highlighted and awareness of differences in patient conditions and assessment tools is essential. We discuss epidemiology of emergence agitation and delirium in the pediatric population, and the challenges for future delineation of monitoring and management. Furthermore, we describe the possible impact of long-term consequences of emergence delirium among infants and children, and the necessary areas of future research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.