ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2020
Exploring the Association Between Emphysema Phenotypes and Low Bone Mineral Density in Smokers with and without COPD.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chest CT imaging toward personalized management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and bronchiectasis: pulmonologist perspectives.Japanese journal of radiology · 2026Review
- Coexisting Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis in COPD: Integrated Identification, Risk-Oriented Assessment, and Comprehensive Management-A Structured Narrative Review.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Lung-related risk factors associate with low bone mineral density in individuals with former tobacco exposure not meeting osteoporosis screening criteria.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Article
- Centrilobular Emphysema Is Associated with Pectoralis Muscle Reduction in Current Smokers without Airflow Limitation.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rationale: Emphysema and osteoporosis are tobacco-related diseases. Many studies have shown that emphysema is a strong and independent predictor of low bone mineral density (BMD) in smokers; however, none of them explored its association with different emphysema subtypes. Objective: To explore the association between the different emphysema subtypes and the presence of low bone mineral density in a population of active or former smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: One hundred and fifty-three active and former smokers from a pulmonary clinic completed clinical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, a low-dose chest computed tomography (LDCT) and a dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Subjects were classified as having normal BMD or low BMD (osteopenia or osteoporosis). Emphysema was classified visually for its subtype and severity. Logistic regression analysis explored the relationship between the different emphysema subtypes and the presence of low BMD adjusting for other important factors. Results: Seventy-five percent of the patients had low BMD (78 had osteopenia and 37 had osteoporosis). Emphysema was more frequent (66.1 vs 26.3%, Conclusion: Low BMD is highly prevalent in current and former smokers. BMI and centrilobular emphysema are strong and independent predictors of its presence, which suggests that they should be considered when evaluating smokers at risk for low BMD.
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Registered trials
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