ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2020
Prevalence, Pattern and Risk Factors of Retinal Diseases Among an Elderly Population in Nepal: The Bhaktapur Retina Study.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Cell therapy for retinal degenerative disorders: a systematic review and three-level meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Multiomic Integration Reveals Novel miRNA-mRNA-Protein Expression Profile in the Aged Female Retina.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Indications and outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in a Community Eye Hospital, Nepal.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Severity of hypertensive retinopathy and its determinants among adult patients attending ophthalmic centers in Northern Ethiopia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Interpretable Aging Signatures in Human Retinal Cell Types Revealed by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and Sparse Logistic Regression.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Challenges in AAV-Based Retinal Gene Therapies and the Role of Magnetic Nanoparticle Platforms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Nanotechnology in retinal diseases: From disease diagnosis to therapeutic applications.Biophysics reviews · 2024Review
- Three-Dimensional Bioprinting for Retinal Tissue Engineering.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Proportion and risk factors of epiretinal membrane in residents of Brussels with versus without diabetes mellitus.International ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Prevalence of retinal pathologies in people over 60 years: the Tehran Geriatrics Eye Study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Editorial: The role of multi-modal imaging in improving refractive cataract surgery and the understanding of retinal disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Population Prevalence, Pattern and Associated Factors for Retinal Diseases at High Altitude in Nepal.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Next-Generation Nanomedicine Approaches for the Management of Retinal Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The Role of Citicoline and Coenzyme Q10 in Retinal Pathology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of eye diseases: outcomes from a free provincial eye clinic in Papua New Guinea.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Applying stem cell therapy in intractable diseases: a narrative review of decades of progress and challenges.Stem cell investigation · 2022Review
- Prevalence of Risk Factors of Retinal Diseases among Patients in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.International journal of clinical practice · 2022Article
- Retinal Organoids Long-Term Functional Characterization Using Two-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime and Hyperspectral Microscopy.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionRetinal diseases are an emerging cause of visual impairment in the developing world. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of retinal diseases in Nepal.
methodsThis is a population-based, cross-sectional study conducted from 2013 to 2015. The sample size was 2100 subjects age 60 years and above from 30 clusters of Bhaktapur district, Nepal. Detailed history, visual acuity, and anterior and posterior segment examinations were performed. Blood sugar and blood pressure were measured.
resultsComplete information was available for 1860 (88.57%) subjects. Mean age was 69.64±7.31 years, ranging from 60 to 95 years. The prevalence of any retinal disorder was 52.37% (95% confidence interval (CI): 50.07-54.66%). The prevalence of retinal disorders increased with ageing: 51.26% between 60 and 69 years and 53.05% among those age 80 years and above. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was the most common retinal disease (35.43%), followed by hypertensive retinopathy (4.35%), epiretinal membrane (ERM) (3.66%), branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) (2.90%), and diabetic retinopathy (DR) (2.15%). Other rare retinal disorders included myopic fundus (0.86%), chorioretinal scar (0.54%), retinal holes (0.32%), retinitis pigmentosa (0.32%), retinal detachment (0.16%), and coloboma (0.11%). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, those with prior cataract surgery (odds ratio (OR), 1.71; 95% CI: 1.32-2.22, p < 0.001) and systemic hypertension (OR, 1.21; 95% CI: 1.001-1.47, p = 0.049) had significantly increased retinal disorders.
conclusionPrevalence of retinal disorder was 52.37% at age 60 years and above. AMD, hypertensive retinopathy, ERM, BRVO, and DR were the most common retinal disorders. Retinal disorders increased with ageing. Retinal disorders were found associated with hypertension and prior cataract surgery. Timely screening, control of blood sugar and high blood pressure, and regular eye check-ups could help to save vision from retinal diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.