Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32798221›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021

Invasive Candidiasis Species Distribution and Trends, United States, 2009-2017.

Emily E Ricotta, Yi Ling Lai, Ahmed Babiker, Jeffrey R Strich, Sameer S Kadri, Michail S Lionakis, D Rebecca Prevots, Jennifer Adjemian

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
70citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Micafungin exposure drives multidrug resistance inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Observational
  13. Review
  14. Blood Stream Infections due toInternational journal of microbiology · 2026
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Changing Climate, ChangingJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  17. Heterogeneity ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  20. Article

10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Emily E RicottaEpidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Yi Ling LaiEpidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Ahmed BabikerDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jeffrey R StrichCritical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Sameer S KadriCritical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Michail S LionakisFungal Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
D Rebecca PrevotsEpidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jennifer AdjemianEpidemiology Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Funding

Immunopathogenesis of Fungal InfectionsZIAAI001175 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI LIONAKIS, MICHAIL · 2012 to 2025
$23.9M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInvasive candidiasis (IC) is a growing concern among US healthcare facilities. A large-scale study evaluating incidence and trends of IC in the United States by species and body site is needed to understand the distribution of infection.

methodsAn electronic medical record database was used to calculate incidence and trends of IC in the United States by species and infection site from 2009 through 2017. Hospital incidence was calculated using total unique inpatient hospitalizations in hospitals reporting at least 1 Candida case as the denominator. IC incidence trends were assessed using generalized estimating equations with exchangeable correlation structure to fit Poisson regression models, controlling for changes in hospital characteristics and case mix over time.

resultsCandida albicans remains the leading cause of IC in the United States, followed by Candida glabrata. The overall incidence of IC was 90/100 000 patients, which did not change significantly over time. There were no changes in incidence among C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, or C. tropicalis; the incidence of other Candida spp. as a whole increased 7.2% annually. While there was no change in candidemia 2009-2017, abdominal and nonabdominal sterile site IC increased significantly.

conclusionsNonbloodstream IC is increasing in the United States. Understanding the epidemiology of IC should facilitate improved management of infected patients.

Indexed as

Candidiasis, InvasiveAntifungal AgentsCandidaCandidemiaHumansIncidenceIntroduced SpeciesMicrobial Sensitivity TestsUnited StatesAntifungal Agentselectronic health recordepidemiologyhospital infectionsinvasive candidiasis

Identifiers

PMID32798221
PMCPMC8030726

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.