Evidence map›Paper›PMID 32798216›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2021

Upsurge of Conjugate Vaccine Serotype 4 Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Clusters Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness in California, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Bernard Beall, Hollis Walker, Theresa Tran, Zhongya Li, Jasmine Varghese, Lesley McGee, Yuan Li, Benjamin J Metcalf, Ryan Gierke, Emily Mosites and 2 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.8field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pneumococcal Vaccine for Adults Aged ≥19 Years: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, United States, 2023.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2023
    Guideline
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Increase in serotypes 4 and 14 in invasive pneumococcal disease in adults aged 18 to 59 years. A retrospective population-based descriptive study during the period 2007-2025 in the Community of Madrid, Spain.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Surveillance of invasive pneumococcal disease in Germany: surge in PCV13 serotypes and new challenges, 2017 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026
    Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Molecular Characterization ofMicroorganisms · 2026
    Article
  13. Review
  14. Observational
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. mSphere · 2025
    Observational
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Bernard BeallRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Hollis WalkerIHRC Inc., Contractor to Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Theresa TranASRT Inc., Contractor to Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Zhongya LiASRT Inc., Contractor to Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jasmine VargheseASRT Inc., Contractor to Respiratory Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Lesley McGeeRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Yuan LiRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Benjamin J MetcalfRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Ryan GierkeRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Emily MositesRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Sopio ChochuaRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Tamara PilishviliRespiratory Disease Branch, National Center for Immunizations and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction in the United States in 2000, invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) due to serotype 4 greatly decreased in children and adults. Starting in 2013, serotype 4 IPD incidence increased among adults within 3 of 10 Active Bacterial Core surveillance sites. Of 325 serotype 4 cases among adults in 2010-2018, 36% were persons experiencing homelessness (PEH); incidence of serotype 4 IPD among PEH was 100-300 times higher than in the general population within these 3 areas. Genome sequencing for isolates recovered 2015-2018 (n = 246), revealed that increases in serotype 4 IPD were driven by lineages ST10172, ST244, and ST695. Within each lineage, clusters of near-identical isolates indicated close temporal relatedness. Increases in serotype 4 IPD were limited to Colorado, California, and New Mexico, with highest increases among PEH, who were at increased risk for exposure to and infections caused by these strains.

Indexed as

Ill-Housed PersonsPneumococcal InfectionsStreptococcus pneumoniaeAdultCaliforniaColoradoHumansIncidenceNew MexicoPneumococcal VaccinesSerogroupVaccines, ConjugatePneumococcal VaccinesVaccines, Conjugateconjugate vaccinespersons experiencing homelessnesspneumococcal polysaccharide serotype 4

Identifiers

PMID32798216
PMCPMC8108119
OpenAlexW3049252438

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.