ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2020
Immune-Driven Pathogenesis of Neurotoxicity after Exposure of Cancer Patients to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Opsoclonus-Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Related to Pembrolizumab Treatment for Invasive Ductal Carcinoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Guillain-Barré syndrome associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors exposure: a pharmacovigilance study.Journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Management of MOG antibody-associated disease by pembrolizumab and radiation myelopathy in an elderly patient: A case report and literature review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to immune checkpoint inhibitors: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Neurotoxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy: the first study in the Palestinian healthcare system.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitor-induced encephalitis in patients with lung adenocarcinoma: a report of three cases.Oxford medical case reports · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Pediatric Cancers: Is It Still a Stalemate?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neurological Adverse Events Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Practical Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Targeting CD73 with flavonoids inhibits cancer stem cells and increases lymphocyte infiltration in a triple-negative breast cancer mouse model.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Epigenetics and Metabolism Reprogramming Interplay into Glioblastoma: Novel Insights on Immunosuppressive Mechanisms.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Do peripheral neuropathies differ among immune checkpoint inhibitors? Reports from the European post-marketing surveillance database in the past 10 years.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- Neurotoxicity and safety of the rechallenge of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a growing issue in neuro-oncology practice.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Review
- Neurological Manifestations Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Reverse Translational Research by Using the European Real-World Safety Data.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Article
- Neurologic Toxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Review of Literature.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Organ-specific Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy, with Special Reference to Endocrinopathies.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Integrative Studies of Human Cord Blood Derived Mononuclear Cells and Umbilical Cord Derived Mesenchyme Stem Cells in Ameliorating Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the last decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of several cancer types. ICIs work through the blockage of immune inhibitory signals, while increasing the T-cell specific immune antitumoral response. However, due to the fact that ICIs' mechanism of action is not tissue antigen-specific and not limited to the tumor microenvironment, the use of cancer immunotherapy can produce a broad range of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Neurological immune-related adverse events (NirAEs) are rare (the overall incidence varies between 1% to 6%), and these adverse events mainly concern the peripheral nervous system, rather than the central nervous system. Due to their potential severity, which could cause interruptions to cancer treatment, NirAEs are of particular clinical importance. Currently, the pathogenesis of these complications is not completely understood, although T-cells seem to play a principal role. Nevertheless, the development of NirAEs is likely to be a multifactorial and complex process. This conclusion can be extracted from the wide range of neurological auto-inflammatory and autoimmune disorders triggered or exacerbated by ICIs, and the extensive variability of the limited histological findings reported. The aim of this review is to summarize the potential immune-driven pathological mechanisms of NirAEs.
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Registered trials
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