ArticleAIDS (London, England)2020
Using HIV self-testing to increase the affordability of community-based HIV testing services.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Costs of HIV testing services in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic literature review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- How much does HIV self-testing cost in low and middle income countries? A systematic review of evidence from economic studies.Frontiers in public health · 2023Pooled it
- Scaling Up HIV Self-Testing in Africa: Insights From National Programmatic Data in Eight Countries.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Article
- Evaluating the effectiveness of oral HIV self testing according to distribution models in Cameroon.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Costs of distributing HIV self-testing kits in Eswatini through community and workplace models.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Understanding the cost-utility of implementing HIV self-testing with digital-based supports.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Approaches to improving the efficiency of HIV programme investments.BMJ global health · 2022Article
- Self-care can be an alternative to expand access to universal health care: What policy makers, governments and implementers can consider for South Africa.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- Costs of integrating HIV self-testing in public health facilities in Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- The cost and intermediary cost-effectiveness of oral HIV self-test kit distribution across 11 distribution models in South Africa.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- The cost effectiveness and optimal configuration of HIV self-test distribution in South Africa: a model analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Modelling costs of community-based HIV self-testing programmes in Southern Africa at scale: an econometric cost function analysis across five countries.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Reaching Absent and Refusing Individuals During Home-Based HIV Testing Through Self-Testing-at What Cost?Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Costs and Scale-Up Costs of Integrating HIV Self-Testing Into Civil Society Organisation-Led Programmes for Key Populations in Côte d'Ivoire, Senegal, and Mali.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Implementation outcomes of HIV self-testing in low- and middle- income countries: A scoping review.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study estimates the costs of community-based HIV testing services (HTS) in Lesotho and assesses the potential efficiency gains achieved by adding HIV self-testing (HIVST) and then self-testing booths.
designMicro-costing analysis using longitudinal data from a real-world intervention.
methodsWe collected data prospectively on provider's costs and programmatic outcomes over three time periods of approximately 8 months each, between May 2017 and April 2019. The scope of services was extended during each period as follows: HTS only, HTS and HIVST, HTS and HIVST with individual HIVST booths wherein clients were encouraged to self-test on-site followed by on-site confirmative testing for those with reactive self-test. For each implementation period, we estimated the full financial and economic implementation costs, the incremental costs of adding HIVST onto conventional HTS and the cost per HIV positive case identified.
resultsCosts per HIV-positive case identified increased between period 1 (US$956) and period 2 (US$1249) then dropped in period 3 (US$813). Full versus incremental cost analyses resulted in large differences in the magnitude of costs, attributable to methods rather than resource use: for example, in period 3, the average full and incremental cost estimates for HTS were US$34.3 and US$23.5 per person tested, and for HIVST were US$37.7 and US$14.0 per kit provided, respectively.
conclusionIn Lesotho, adding HIVST to community-based HTS improves its overall affordability for HIV-positive case finding. The reporting of both full and incremental cost estimates increase transparency for use in priority setting, budgeting and financial planning for scale-up.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.