ArticleParasites & vectors2020
Delivering 'tiny targets' in a remote region of southern Chad: a cost analysis of tsetse control in the Mandoul sleeping sickness focus.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- From islands to landscapes: Integrating genomic and advanced eco-geographic tools in area-wide tsetse control.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Review
- Comparative evaluation of the attractiveness of new polyethylene screens versus West African tiny target for the control of tsetse flies.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2026Article
- Challenges and lessons from a vector control campaign targeting Glossina palpalis palpalis in an isolated protected forest area in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- The cost of sleeping sickness vector control in Yasa Bonga, a health district in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of a national tsetse control programme to eliminate Gambian sleeping sickness in Uganda: a spatiotemporal modelling study.BMJ global health · 2024Article
- An evaluation of African animal trypanosomiasis control strategies in remote communities of Eastern Zambia.Parasitology · 2024Article
- Modelled impact of Tiny Targets on the distribution and abundance of riverine tsetse.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Monitoring progress towards the 2021-2030 WHO road map targets.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- Impact of a small-scale tsetse fly control operation with deltamethrin impregnated "Tiny Targets" on tsetse density and trypanosomes' circulation in the Campo sleeping sickness focus of South Cameroon.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Health economic evaluation of strategies to eliminate gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in the Mandoul disease focus of Chad.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Development and characterization of microsatellite markers for the tsetse species Glossina brevipalpis and preliminary population genetics analyses.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2023Article
- Therapeutic Efficacy of Orally Administered Nitrofurantoin against Animal African Trypanosomosis Caused byPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cost-effectiveness of sleeping sickness elimination campaigns in five settings of the Democratic Republic of Congo.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The cost of tsetse control using 'Tiny Targets' in the sleeping sickness endemic forest area of Bonon in Côte d'Ivoire: Implications for comparing costs across different settings.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The elimination of human African trypanosomiasis: Achievements in relation to WHO road map targets for 2020.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- The COMBAT project: controlling and progressively minimizing the burden of vector-borne animal trypanosomosis in Africa.Open research Europe · 2022Article
- Estimating the impact of Tiny Targets in reducing the incidence of Gambian sleeping sickness in the North-west Uganda focus.Parasites & vectors · 2021Article
- Diversity of trypanosomes in humans and cattle in the HAT foci Mandoul and Maro, Southern Chad-A matter of concern for zoonotic potential?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Use of vector control to protect people from sleeping sickness in the focus of Bonon (Côte d'Ivoire).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSince 2012, the World Health Organisation and the countries affected by the Gambian form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) have been committed to eliminating the disease, primarily through active case-finding and treatment. To interrupt transmission of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and move more rapidly towards elimination, it was decided to add vector control using 'tiny targets'. Chad's Mandoul HAT focus extends over 840 km
methodsA protocol was developed for the routine collection of tsetse control costs during all field missions. This was implemented throughout 2015 and 2016, and combined with the recorded costs of the preliminary survey and sensitisation activities. The objective was to calculate the full costs at local prices in Chad. Costs were adjusted to remove research components and to ensure that items outside the project budget lines were included, such as administrative overheads and a share of staff salaries.
resultsTargets were deployed at about 60 per linear km of riverine tsetse habitat. The average annual cost of the operation was USD 56,113, working out at USD 66.8 per km
conclusionsThis study has confirmed that tiny targets provide a consistently low cost option for controlling tsetse in gambiense HAT foci. Although the study area is remote with a tsetse habitat characterised by wide river marshes, the costs were similar to those of tiny target work in Uganda, with some differences, in particular a higher cost per target delivered. As was the case in Uganda, the cost was between a quarter and a third that of historical target operations using full size targets or traps.
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