Observational studyBMC cancer2020
Gender differences in stage at diagnosis and preoperative radiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
Observational study in BMC cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Ten-Year Outcomes in Colorectal Cancer-Competing Risks and Patient Vulnerability: A Prospective Multicenter Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The impact of sex on setup accuracy in radiotherapy for rectal cancer: a real-World observational study.Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al] · 2026Observational
- Nationwide analysis on sex differences in diagnosis, treatment and survival of rectal cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Sex and gender-oriented colorectal cancer screening: a consensus study from the AIOM- GISEG working group.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- CK2α Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer: Evidence for Sex- and Age-Linked Differences.Cancers · 2025Article
- Gender and sex interactions are intrinsic components of cancer phenotypes.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- TUMOR RESPONSE TO NEOADJUVANT LONG-COURSE CHEMORADIOTHERAPY DEPENDS ON THE RECTAL CANCER PATIENT GENDER.Acta clinica Croatica · 2024Article
- Gender oncology: recommendations and consensus of the Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).ESMO open · 2024Article
- The Influence of Sex and/or Gender on the Occurrence of Colorectal Cancer in the General Population in Developed Countries: A Scoping Review.International journal of public health · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of cancer: the rationale for an individualised approach.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Article
- The trend of schistosomiasis related bladder cancer in the lake zone, Tanzania: a retrospective review over 10 years period.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Review
- Self-Reported Time to Diagnosis and Proportions of Rediagnosis in Female Patients with Chronic Conditions in Australia: A Cross-sectional Survey.Women's health reports (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- Are there sex differences in completeness of death registration and quality of cause of death statistics? Results from a global analysis.BMJ global health · 2021Article
- Pathologic-Based Nomograms for Predicting Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival Among Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer.Cancer management and research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFew studies have examined gender differences in the clinical management of rectal cancer. We examine differences in stage at diagnosis and preoperative radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients.
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted in 22 hospitals in Spain including 770 patients undergoing surgery for rectal cancer. Study outcomes were disseminated disease at diagnosis and receiving preoperative radiotherapy. Age, comorbidity, referral from a screening program, diagnostic delay, distance from the anal verge, and tumor depth were considered as factors that might explain gender differences in these outcomes.
resultsWomen were more likely to be diagnosed with disseminated disease among those referred from screening (odds ratio, confidence interval 95% (OR, CI = 7.2, 0.9-55.8) and among those with a diagnostic delay greater than 3 months (OR, CI = 5.1, 1.2-21.6). Women were less likely to receive preoperative radiotherapy if they were younger than 65 years of age (OR, CI = 0.6, 0.3-1.0) and if their tumors were cT3 or cT4 (OR, CI = 0.5, 0.4-0.7).
conclusionsThe gender-specific sensitivity of rectal cancer screening tests, gender differences in referrals and clinical reasons for not prescribing preoperative radiotherapy in women should be further examined. If these gender differences are not clinically justifiable, their elimination might enhance survival.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.