Trial reportJournal of leukocyte biology2021
Mismatch between circulating cytokines and spontaneous cytokine production by leukocytes in hyperinflammatory COVID-19.
Trial report in Journal of leukocyte biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Potential Use of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as Biomarkers for Treatment Response and Outcome Prediction in Psychiatry: A Systematic Review.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2021Pooled it
- Article
- A Survey of COVID-19 Diagnosis Using Routine Blood Tests with the Aid of Artificial Intelligence Techniques.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Endotoxin tolerance and low activation of TLR-4/NF-κB axis in monocytes of COVID-19 patients.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2023Article
- Ascorbic acid attenuates activation and cytokine production in sepsis-like monocytes.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
- Clinical and Laboratory Approach to Diagnose COVID-19 Using Machine Learning.Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences · 2022Article
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: Role of interleukin-6 and the inflammatory cascade.World journal of virology · 2022Review
- Review
- Alterations in Circulating Monocytes Predict COVID-19 Severity and Include Chromatin Modifications Still Detectable Six Months after Recovery.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Prognostic bioindicators in severe COVID-19 patients.Cytokine · 2021Article
- Endothelial cell, myeloid, and adaptive immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Review
- Changes of Damage Associated Molecular Patterns in COVID-19 Patients.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2021Article
- Preexisting and inducible endotoxemia as crucial contributors to the severity of COVID-19 outcomes.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Metformin Suppresses Monocyte Immunometabolic Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Subunit 1.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Correlation Analysis Between Serum Uric Acid, Prealbumin Level, Lactate Dehydrogenase, and Severity of COVID-19.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- COVID-19 and myeloid cells: complex interplay correlates with lung severity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- SARS-CoV-2: Immune Response Elicited by Infection and Development of Vaccines and Treatments.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Selection of an Optimal Combination Panel to Better Triage COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients.Journal of inflammation research · 2020Article
- Persistent Systemic Microbial Translocation and Intestinal Damage During Coronavirus Disease-19.Frontiers in immunologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The disease COVID-19 has developed into a worldwide pandemic. Hyperinflammation and high levels of several cytokines, for example, IL-6, are observed in severe COVID-19 cases. However, little is known about the cellular origin of these cytokines. Here, we investigated whether circulating leukocytes from patients with COVID-19 had spontaneous cytokine production. Patients with hyperinflammatory COVID-19 (n = 6) and sepsis (n = 3) were included at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden. Healthy controls were also recruited (n = 5). Cytokines were measured in COVID-19 and sepsis patients using an Immulite immunoassay system. PBMCs were cultured with brefeldin A to allow cytokine accumulation. In parallel, LPS was used as an activator. Cells were analyzed for cytokines and surface markers by flow cytometry. High levels of IL-6 and measurable levels of IL-8 and TNF, but not IL-1β, were observed in COVID-19 patients. Monocytes from COVID-19 patients had spontaneous production of IL-1β and IL-8 (P = 0.0043), but not of TNF and IL-6, compared to controls. No spontaneous cytokine production was seen in lymphocytes from either patients or controls. Activation with LPS resulted in massive cytokine production by monocytes from COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, but not from sepsis patients. Finally, monocytes from COVID-19 patients produced more IL-1β than from healthy controls (P = 0.0087) when activated. In conclusion, monocytes contribute partly to the ongoing hyperinflammation by production of IL-1β and IL-8. Additionally, they are responsive to further activation. This data supports the notion of IL-1β blockade in treatment of COVID-19. However, the source of the high levels of IL-6 remains to be determined.
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