Observational studyMedicine2020
Prediction of gastrointestinal bleeding events in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: An observational cohort study (STROBE compliant).
Observational study in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis and external validation of a risk model for gastrointestinal bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Dual antiplatelet therapy in GI-bleed patients with extensive coronary artery disease history: a systematic review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Article
- Risk Factors for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Assessment of Anti-Ulcer Medication Effects.Acta Cardiologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.Cureus · 2024Article
- Safety of gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with acute coronary syndrome and concomitant gastrointestinal bleeding.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bleeding complications of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are strongly associated with adverse patient outcomes, and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is the most common major bleeding event, especially in the early post-PCI period. Current guidelines recommend routinely conducting bleeding risk assessments. The existing tools are mainly used to evaluate the overall bleeding risk and guide the adjustment of antithrombotic strategies after 1 year. However, there are no specific tools for GIB risk assessment.Between January 2015 and June 2015, 4943 ACS patients underwent PCI were consecutively enrolled in the derivation cohort. GIB, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular events were recorded within 1 year of follow-up. A validation cohort including 1000 patients who met the same inclusion and exclusion criteria was also established by propensity-score matching baseline characteristics. Multivariable cox proportional-hazards regression model was used to derive a risk-scoring system, and predictive variables were selected. A risk score nomogram based on the risk prediction model was created to estimate the 1-year risk of GIB.In this study, we found that the usage of clopidogrel (hazard ratio, HR: 2.52, 95% confidence intervals, CI: 1.573-4.021) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors (HR: 1.863, 95% CI: 1.226-2.829), history of peptic ulcers (HR: 3.601, 95% CI: 1.226-2.829) or tumor (HR: 4.884, 95% CI: 1.226-2.829), and cardiac insufficiency (HR: 11.513, 95% CI: 7.282-18.202), renal insufficiency (HR: 2.010, 95% CI: 1.350-2.993), and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (HR: 4.639, 95% CI: 2.146-10.032) were independent risk factors for GIB 1 year after PCI. Based on these 7 factors, a nomogram and scoring system was established. The area under curve of risk score was 0.824 in the deviation cohort and 0.810 in the verification cohort. In both cohorts, the GIB score was significantly better than that of 3 classical bleeding scores (all P < .05).This score could well predict the risk of GIB within 1 year after PCI and could be used to guide antithrombotic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.