ArticlePloS one2020
Olfactory markers for depression: Differences between bipolar and unipolar patients.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Altered core depressive symptom balance in post-COVID fatigue: reduced depressed mood in an exploratory matched historical-control study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Changes in olfactory function and serum interleukin-6 levels in the acute phase of bipolar I disorder: a longitudinal study.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association between olfactory function and metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder patients: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Disrupted basolateral amygdala circuits supports negative valence bias in depressive states.Translational psychiatry · 2024Article
- Significant improvements in the olfactory sensitivity of bipolar I disorder patients during euthymia versus manic episodes: a longitudinal study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage.BMC psychiatry · 2023Article
- Olfactory brain activations in patients with Major Depressive Disorder.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Olfactory Dysfunction in Mental Illness.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2023Review
- Association between chemosensory impairment with neuropsychiatric morbidity in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: results from a multidisciplinary cohort study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Chronic unpredictable mild stress alters odor hedonics and adult olfactory neurogenesis in mice.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Variations in olfactory function among bipolar disorder patients with different episodes and subtypes.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Odor Hedonic Profile (OHP): a self-rating tool of everyday odors.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Impaired olfactory function in bipolar disorder patients during acute episodes regardless of psychotic symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Development of the Spanish Version of Sniffin's Sticks Olfactory Identification Test: Normative Data and Validity of Parallel Measures.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Transcriptome Changes in Three Brain Regions during Chronic Lithium Administration in the Rat Models of Mania and Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Spanish Validation for Olfactory Function Testing Using the Sniffin' Sticks Olfactory Test: Threshold, Discrimination, and Identification.Brain sciences · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of the study was to compare olfactory functions between unipolar and bipolar patients according to the thymic states (depressed, euthymic) and determine specific olfactory variations between these different states.
methodsWe recruited 176 participants in 5 groups: depressed bipolar (DB), euthymic bipolar (EB), depressed unipolar (DU), euthymic unipolar (EU), and controls (HC). They were assessed using the Sniffin' sticks threshold and identification tests. Odors' pleasantness, intensity, familiarity and emotion were assessed. Clinical evaluation explored dimensions of depression, mania, anxiety, and anhedonia.
resultsSmell identification was lower in DU compared to EU patients and controls. Pleasant odors received lower hedonic rating in DU and DB patients compared to EU and EB patients respectively. Negative correlation was found in EB patients between hedonic rating and social anhedonia. In EU patients hedonic rating was negatively correlated with anxiety-state, and anhedonia.
conclusionsOdor identification of pleasant odors is altered in both depressive states. Only unipolar patients would recover a regular identification level in symptomatic remission, while bipolar subjects would keep their deficits. Hedonic rating is lower in bipolar depressed patients compared to unipolar ones, and these deficits improve after remission. Hedonic rating of pleasant odors may distinguish bipolar depression from unipolar depression during periods of decompensation and phases of remission. Olfactory assessment may be useful to screen unipolar and bipolar depression, leading to possible future sensory markers in mood disorders.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.