ArticleImmunity2020
Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection Impairs Dendritic Cell and T Cell Responses.
Article in Immunity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 373 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
373 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 562 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying novel host-based diagnostic biomarker panels for COVID-19: a whole-blood/nasopharyngeal transcriptome meta-analysis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Pooled it
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Therapeutic plasma exchange accelerates immune cell recovery in severe COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell therapy for severe COVID-19: a randomized phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2023Trial
- Durability of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination in people living with HIV.JCI insight · 2022Trial
- Integration of the circulating miRNome and clinical information to predict 90-day mortality in elderly COVID-19 subphenotypes.iScience · 2026Article
- Implications of RNA virus persistence for post-acute sequelae and chronic inflammatory syndromes.Nature immunology · 2026Review
- The crosstalk between lymphatic endothelial cells and immune cells in Physiological and Pathological conditions.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Human angiotensin‑converting enzyme 2‑specific benzothiazole-based allosteric inhibitor against pan‑sarbecoviruses.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Combating respiratory diseases with mucosal vaccines.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Redundant and distinct mechanisms suppress innate immune activation during SARS-CoV-2 infection.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Breakthrough Infection on Short-Term CD4 Count Among Adults With HIV in the United States From 2020 to 2022.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Cross-coronavirus host susceptibility loci influence disease severity through immune mediators.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ordinary differential equation models of SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics and antiviral drug efficacies.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- SARS-CoV-2 peptide fragments selectively dysregulate specific immune cell populations via Gaussian curvature targeting.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- A rare case of unusual anti-tuberculosis drug reaction in disseminated tuberculosis with pre-existing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C).BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Impact of demographic, clinical, and viral factors on severe influenza in young children in Fuzhou.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Immune cell interactions and lung damage in SARS-CoV-2 special attention on monocytes/macrophages, T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells and Toll-like receptors in SARS-CoV-2.American journal of clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Review
- Long-persisting SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific CD4Nature communications · 2025Article
313 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in millions of infections, yet the role of host immune responses in early COVID-19 pathogenesis remains unclear. By investigating 17 acute and 24 convalescent patients, we found that acute SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in broad immune cell reduction including T, natural killer, monocyte, and dendritic cells (DCs). DCs were significantly reduced with functional impairment, and ratios of conventional DCs to plasmacytoid DCs were increased among acute severe patients. Besides lymphocytopenia, although neutralizing antibodies were rapidly and abundantly generated in patients, there were delayed receptor binding domain (RBD)- and nucleocapsid protein (NP)-specific T cell responses during the first 3 weeks after symptoms onset. Moreover, acute RBD- and NP-specific T cell responses included relatively more CD4 T cells than CD8 T cells. Our findings provided evidence that impaired DCs, together with timely inverted strong antibody but weak CD8 T cell responses, could contribute to acute COVID-19 pathogenesis and have implications for vaccine development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.