ArticlePloS one2020
Ecological factors associated with persistent circulation of multiple highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses among poultry farms in Taiwan during 2015-17.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quantitative risk assessment of avian influenza: A scoping review.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2026Review
- Continuous phylogeography reveals shifting environmental drivers of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 spread in Italy, 2016-23.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza: a One Health perspective on risks, surveillance, and resilience.ImmunoHorizons · 2025Review
- Assessing the spatial risk of wild birds in avian influenza transmission using global risk score.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Japan during 2022-2023 season identified by additive Bayesian network modeling.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of Influenza Avian Virus in backyard pigeons, ducks, and chickens in Toba Tek Singh District, Pakistan.PloS one · 2025Article
- From emergence to endemicity of highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza viruses in Taiwan.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Assessing avian influenza surveillance intensity in wild birds using a One Health lens.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
- Mucosal Administration ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Geospatial and Temporal Analysis of Avian Influenza Risk in Thailand: A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Approach for Enhanced Surveillance and Control.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2024Article
- The role of vaccination and environmental factors on outbreaks of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5N1 in Bangladesh.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- A Machine Learning Framework Based on Extreme Gradient Boosting to Predict the Occurrence and Development of Infectious Diseases in Laying Hen Farms, Taking H9N2 as an Example.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Integrating Citizen Scientist Data into the Surveillance System for Avian Influenza Virus, Taiwan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Environmental factors and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the global outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Semi-Scavenging Poultry as Carriers of Avian Influenza Genes.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Determinants of farmers' biosecurity mindset: A social-ecological model using systems thinking.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Two-stage algorithms for visually exploring spatio-temporal clustering of avian influenza virus outbreaks in poultry farms.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Meat Traceability: Traditional Market Shoppers' Preferences and Willingness-to-Pay for Additional Information in Taiwan.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Emergence and intercontinental spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) H5Nx virus clade 2.3.4.4 has resulted in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry in Asia, Europe, and North America. The long-distance migratory birds have been suggested to play a major role in the global spread of avian influenza viruses during this wave of panzootic outbreaks since 2013. Poultry farm epidemics caused by multiple introduction of different HPAI novel subtypes of clade 2.3.4.4 viruses also occurred in Taiwan between 2015 and 2017. The mandatory and active surveillance detected H5N3 and H5N6 circulation in 2015 and 2017, respectively, while H5N2 and H5N8 were persistently identified in poultry farms since their first arrival in 2015. This study intended to assess the importance of various ecological factors contributed to the persistence of HPAI during three consecutive years. We used satellite technology to identify the location of waterfowl flocks. Four risk factors consistently showed strong association with the spatial clustering of H5N2 and H5N8 circulations during 2015 and 2017, including high poultry farm density (aOR:17.46, 95%CI: 5.91-74.86 and 8.23, 95% CI: 2.12-54.86 in 2015 and 2017, respectively), poultry heterogeneity index (aOR of 12.28, 95%CI: 5.02-31.14 and 2.79, 95%CI: 1.00-7.69, in 2015 and 2017, respectively), non-registered waterfowl flock density (aOR: 6.8, 95%CI: 3.41-14.46 and 9.17, 95%CI: 3.73-26.20, in 2015 and 2017, respectively) and higher percentage of cropping land coverage (aOR of 1.36, 95%CI: 1.10-1.69 and 1.04, 95%CI: 1.02-1.07, in 2015 and 2017, respectively). Our study highlights the application of remote sensing and clustering analysis for the identification and characterization of environmental factors in facilitating and contributing to the persistent circulation of certain subtypes of H5Nx in poultry farms in Taiwan.
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