ArticlePloS one2020
Part time patching treatment outcomes in children with amblyopia with and without fusion maldevelopment nystagmus: An eye movement study.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abnormal Fixational Eye Movements in Ophthalmic Disease: Implications for Visual Function and Clinical Assessment.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Review
- Visually Guided Saccades in Amblyopia and Strabismus: The Roles of Sensory Deficits and Nystagmus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- "Look Versus See": Does Varying Fellow Eye Contrast Affect Perception of the Amblyopic Eye?Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Dichoptic Visual Search at Varied Fellow Eye Contrasts and Visual Function Deficits in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Evaluating Eye Tracking During Dichoptic Video Viewing With Varied Fellow Eye Contrasts in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Assessing inter-ocular fixational eye movements throughout the lifespan.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Multifaceted Interactions of Stereoacuity, Inter-Ocular Suppression, and Fixation Eye Movement Abnormalities in Amblyopia and Strabismus.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- The Relationship between Fixation Stability and Retinal Structural Parameters in Children with Anisometropic, Strabismic and Mixed Amblyopia.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Effect of Viewing Conditions on Fixation Eye Movements and Eye Alignment in Amblyopia.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Fixation eye movement abnormalities and stereopsis recovery following strabismus repair.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Fixational eye movements abnormalities and rate of visual acuity and stereoacuity improvement with part time patching.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Monocular and Binocular Visual Function Deficits in Amblyopic Patients with and without Fusion Maldevelopment Nystagmus.Eye and brain · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeWe investigated how the abnormalities of fixation eye movements (FEMs) of the amblyopic eye were linked with treatment outcomes following part-time patching therapy in children with amblyopia.
methodsWe recruited 53 patients, with at least 12 months of patching, and measured FEMs at the end of treatment. Subjects were classified based on FEM waveforms (those without nystagmus = 21, those with nystagmus without fusion maldevelopment nystagmus (FMN) = 21, and those with FMN = 11) and based on clinical type of amblyopia (anisometropic = 18, strabismic = 6, and mixed = 29). The treatment outcomes such as duration of treatment of receiving part-time patching therapy, visual acuity and stereo-acuity deficits at the end of treatment were determined. Bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA), fast (fixational saccade/quick phases), and slow (inter-saccadic drifts/slow phases) FEMs of the fellow and amblyopic eye were analyzed.
resultsAnisometropic group had less residual amblyopia (0.23±0.19logMAR acuity) compared to strabismic/mixed (0.36±0.26) groups (p = 0.007). Treatment duration in patients without nystagmus was lower (12.6±9.5months) compared to nystagmus without FMN (25.6±23.2) and FMN (29.5±20.4) groups (p = 0.006). Patients without nystagmus had better stereopsis at the end of treatment (2.3±0.84logarcsecs) compared to nystagmus without FMN (2.6±0.84) group (p = 0.003). The majority of patients with FMN (8/11) had absent stereopsis. BCEA of the amblyopic eye was higher in patients with greater residual visual acuity deficits in patients without nystagmus. No such association was seen in Nystagmus no FMN and FMN groups. Increased amplitude of fast FEMs, increased eye position variance and eye velocity of slow FEMs were seen in patients who had received longer duration of part time patching therapy and in those with greater residual amblyopia, and poor stereopsis at the end of treatment.
conclusionsAssessment of FEM waveforms and fast and slow FEM characteristics are important measures while describing fixation instability in amblyopia. Several FEM abnormalities were associated with stereo-acuity and visual acuity deficits and treatment duration in patients with amblyopia treated with part time patching therapy.
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