ArticleF1000Research2019
Mortality risk factors among National Football League players: An analysis using player career data.
Article in F1000Research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Mortality Risk from Neurodegenerative Disease in Sports Associated with Repetitive Head Impacts: Preliminary Findings from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Pooled it
- Causes of death in NBA players: a competing risks analysis.BMJ open sport & exercise medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of cancer and all-cause death rates of Australian rock and pop musicians, footballers, cricketers and the general population.JSAMS plus · 2024Article
- Career duration and later-life health conditions among former professional American-style football players.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2024Article
- The association between playing professional American football and longevity.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Sheffield Shield Cricketers Live Longer than the Age-Matched General Australian Male Population.Indian journal of orthopaedics · 2023Article
- Association of Playing College American Football With Long-term Health Outcomes and Mortality.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Association of Professional Football Cumulative Head Impact Index Scores With All-Cause Mortality Among National Football League Players.JAMA network open · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In general, National Football League (NFL) players tend to live longer than the general population. However, little information exists about the long-term mortality risk in this population. Frequent, yet mild, head trauma may be associated with early mortality in this group of elite athletes. Therefore, career playing statistics can be used as a proxy for frequent head trauma. Using data from Pro Football Reference, we analyzed the association between age-at-death, position, and NFL seasons-played among 6,408 NFL players that were deceased as of July 1, 2018. The linear regression model allowing for a healthy worker effect demonstrated the best fit statistics (F-statistic = 9.95, p-value = 0.0016). The overall association of age-at-death and seasons-played is positive beginning at the 10.75 and 10.64 seasons-played point in our two models that feature seasons-played and seasons-played squared as explanatory variables. Previous research that does not account for this survivorship bias/healthy worker effect may not adequately describe mortality risk among NFL players.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.