ReviewThe Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS2020
Multi-Epitope Peptide-Based and Vaccinia-Based Universal Influenza Vaccine Candidates Subjected to Clinical Trials.
Review in The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- T-cell-mediated immunity to influenza A (H2N3): implications for caccine efficacy and cross-subtype protection.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- A multi-epitope approach for development of a universal vaccine against leptospirosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Review
- Delivery strategies for RNA-targeting therapeutic nucleic acids and RNA-based vaccines against respiratory RNA viruses: IAV, SARS-CoV-2, RSV.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Review
- Comprehensive immunoinformatics guided design and in silico assessment of a multi-epitope vaccine to elicit immunity against Mayaro virus.In silico pharmacology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Major Role of T Regulatory Cells in the Efficiency of Vaccination in General and Immunocompromised Populations: A Review.Vaccines · 2024Review
- A broad-spectrum multiepitope vaccine against seasonal influenza A and B viruses in mice.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- In silico analysis of virulence factors ofIn silico pharmacology · 2024Article
- The self-assembled nanoparticle-based multi-epitope influenza mRNA vaccine elicits protective immunity against H1N1 and B influenza viruses in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Computer-Aided Multi-Epitope Based Vaccine Design Against Monkeypox Virus Surface Protein A30L: An Immunoinformatics Approach.The protein journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Nanoparticles Carrying Conserved Regions of Influenza A Hemagglutinin, Nucleoprotein, and M2 Protein Elicit a Strong Humoral and T Cell Immune Response and Protect Animals from Infection.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Mechanisms and Clinical Application Prospects of Antimicrobial Peptides.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Multi Epitope-Based Vaccine Design for Protection AgainstAdvances and applications in bioinformatics and chemistry : AABC · 2022Article
- Immunoinformatic analysis of the whole proteome for vaccine design: An application toFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- M2e-Based Influenza Vaccines with Nucleoprotein: A Review.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In light of the limited protection conferred by current influenza vaccines, immunisation using universal influenza vaccines has been proposed for protection against all or most influenza sub-types. The fundamental principle of universal influenza vaccines is based on conserved antigens found in most influenza strains, such as matrix 2, nucleocapsid, matrix 1 and stem of hemagglutinin proteins. These antigens trigger cross-protective immunity against different influenza strains. Many researchers have attempted to produce the conserved epitopes of these antigens in the form of peptides in the hope of generating universal influenza vaccine candidates that can broadly induce cross-reactive protection against influenza viral infections. However, peptide vaccines are poorly immunogenic when applied individually owing to their small molecular sizes. Hence, strategies, such as combining peptides as multi-epitope vaccines or presenting peptides on vaccinia virus particles, are employed. This review discusses the clinical and laboratory findings of several multi-epitope peptide vaccine candidates and vaccinia-based peptide vaccines. The majority of these vaccine candidates have reached the clinical trial phase. The findings in this study will indeed shed light on the applicability of universal influenza vaccines to prevent seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks in the near future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.