ReviewBMJ open gastroenterology2020
Black esophagus: a syndrome of acute esophageal necrosis associated with active alcohol drinking.
Review in BMJ open gastroenterology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Markers of Prognosis for Acute Esophageal Necrosis: A Systematic Review.Digestive diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Pooled it
- The two-hit hypothesis in acute esophageal necrosis: black esophagus in severe atherosclerosis and untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Article
- Acute oesophageal necrosis: single centre experience.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Multidisciplinary Management of Acute Esophageal Necrosis Secondary to Alcoholic Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Multidisciplinary Management of a Patient with acute Oesophageal Necrosis and Severe Neurological Symptoms with Full Recovery.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2025Article
- Dysphagia in Rare Diseases and Syndromes: Current Approaches to Management and Therapeutic Innovations-A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Black Esophagus: A Rare Case Presentation.Cureus · 2024Article
- Acute esophageal necrosis in the post-operative period: a narrative review of presentation, management, and outcomes.Journal of thoracic disease · 2024Review
- A rare cause of acute esophageal necrosis: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2024Article
- Article
- A rare case of combined black esophagus and stomach: a case report.Annals of esophagus · 2023Article
- Acute Esophageal Necrosis as a Rare Complication of Metabolic Acidosis in a Diabetic Patient: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2023Article
- Black Esophagus and Recurrence of Duodenal Ulcers: Two Signs of the Same Pathogenic Pathway? A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2023Article
- Review
- Endoscopic balloon dilation for the prevention of severe strictures caused by acute esophageal necrosis.DEN open · 2022Article
- Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Manifestations of Acute Esophageal Necrosis in Adults.Cureus · 2021Review
- A View in the Dark: Two Cases of Acute Esophageal Necrosis in the Setting of Diabetic Ketoacidosis.Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reportsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Black esophagus, also known as acute esophageal necrosis (AEN) syndrome, is a rare entity characterized by patchy or diffuse circumferential black pigmentation of the esophageal mucosa from ischemic necrosis. It may present with life-threatening upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage resulting in high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Advanced age with multiple comorbidities compounded with compromised hemodynamic states are poor prognostic factors. Findings on laboratory work-up and radiological imaging are non-specific. After initial resuscitation, endoscopic evaluation and histological examination of esophageal biopsy are diagnostic. Early recognition and aggressive resuscitation are the fundamental principles for the management of AEN and better outcome of the disease. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, and active alcohol binging who presented with hematemesis and acute epigastric pain due to AEN. This case illustrates a rare etiology of AEN due to active alcohol drinking, which may be overlooked. Physician awareness about this etiology is important as early recognition and timely management may improve survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.